Preliminary study of the production of metabolites from in vitro cultures of C. ensiformis

Abstract

Background Canavalia ensiformis is a legume native to Central and South America that has historically been a source of protein. Its main proteins, urease, and lectin have been extensively studied and are examples of bioactive compounds. In this work, the effect of pH and light effects on the growth of C. ensiformis were analyzed. Also, the bioactive compounds such as phenols, carotenoids, chlorophyll a/b, and the growth of callus biomass of C. ensiformis from the effect of different types of light treatments (red, blue and mixture) were evaluated. Likewise, the antioxidative activity of C. ensiformis extracts were studied and related to the production of bioactive compounds. For this, a culture of calluses obtained from seeds were carried out. For the light experiments, polypropylene boxes with red, blue, combination (1/3, 3/1 and 1/1 R-B, respectively) lights and white LED were used as control. In each treatment, three glass containers with 25 ml of MS salts containing 0.25 g of fresh callus were seeded. Results The results have shown that the pH of the culture medium notably affects the increase in callogenic biomass. It shows that the pH of 5.5 shows better results in the callogenic growth of C. ensiformis with an average increase of 1.3051 g (198.04%), regarding the initial weight. It was found that the pH 5.5 and the 1/3 R-B LED combination had higher production of bioactive compounds and better antioxidant activity. At the same time, the red-light treatment was least effective. Conclusions It was possible to find the ideal conditions of important growth under conditions of pH and light of C. ensiformis. Likewise, it is evaluated whether the production of compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids, occurs under these conditions. The highest production of calluses occurs in the 1/3 R-B LED combined light treatment, which showed a significant increase in biomass, followed by B. From this study, it could be demonstrated that C. ensiformis produces compounds such as phenols and carotenoids in vitro culture that are essential for the antioxidant activity of the plant.

Light Quality-Mediated Influence of Morphogenesis in Micropropagated Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Overview

“…Recent report by Hassanpour [34] found that red-blue LED treatment was beneficial for callus production and secondary metabolism in Hyoscyamus reticulatus. Similarly, the maximum callogenic biomass and high concentrations of bioactive compounds in Canavalia ensiformis were reported in mixed red-blue light treatment [35]. Moreover, white LED enhanced the biomass of calli in Solanum xanthocarpum [38] and Lepidium sativum [39].…”

“…Similarly, Nhut true [37] also demonstrated that yellow light was beneficial for the proliferation of callus and higher biomass in Panax vietnamensis. Apart from the individual spectral qualities, the combination of two or more light qualities further improved the callus induction and proliferation in in vitro plant cultures [35]. Mixed red and blue LED was beneficial for callus proliferation.…”