Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants

Endocrine disrupting potency of organic pollutant mixtures isolated from commercial fish oil evaluated in yeast-based bioassays

“…POPs identified in the tested fish oil samples are listed in Table 1 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were found at the highest concentrations, consistent with our previous reports and the reports of other authors [ 34 , 39 – 40 ]. Relatively high levels of various DDT metabolites and degradation products (including DDMU, DDD, and DDE) were also found, consistent with the reports of Rawn et al [ 41 ], who reported high DDT concentrations in some types of fish oils.…”

“…The analysis showed that the found profiles were most congruent with profiles characteristic of the Aroclor 1260 technical mixture ( Fig 1 ). However, since a number of both abiotic and biological factors affect the profiles, that does not necessarily mean that such a technical mixture was the real contamination source [ 34 – 35 , 37 , 42 ]. Nevertheless, to facilitate interpretation of the obtained results, PCBs concentrations were calculated as Aroclor 1260 equivalents using the authentic Aroclor technical mixture as the standard.…”

“…These include potential endocrine disruption caused by the chemical mixtures present in these oils. As reported in our previous papers (e.g., [ 34 ]), fish liver oil may be heavily contaminated with chemicals of proven ED potency, including chlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenyl ethers and its metabolites, or legacy organochlorine pesticides. In this work, estrogen/androgen agonistic and antagonistic activities of fish oil extracts were evaluated using optimized recombinant yeast assays.…”

Uptake and biotransformation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in four marine microalgae species

“…PBDEs and their analogs, hydroxylated- and methoxylated-PBDEs (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs), have been recorded in various marine biota ranging from cyanobacteria1, macroalgae12, bivalves23, fish4 to cetaceans5. They also have a wide geographic distribution1236789101112. Despite the fact that there is no known anthropogenic source of these analogues13, great environmental concentrations have been reported.…”

“…In environmental samples, including the red macroalga1, mollusks9, fish415, as well as seals and their pups6, OH-PBDEs generally co-exist with MeO-PBDEs. The most commonly found congeners of these two groups of PBDE analogs are 6-MeO-BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47, respectively510111215. Known effects of OH-PBDEs included developmental neurotoxicity, as seen in zebrafish associated with oxidative stress and potentially disrupted cholinergic system16; genotoxicity, as shown by ROS induction in chicken DT40 cell lines17; and endocrine disruption, as demonstrated in mouse reporter gene activity assay18 and rat in vivo experiment19.…”