This study utilized mechanical calculation method and finite element method ABAQUS software to analyze the mechanical response of different flexible pavement material combinations on steel deck. Heavy vehicle load with high axle load and high tire pressure were considered, so as to know the reasons for steel deck pavement distress, and to define the arrangement principle for steel deck pavement and the combination of materials suitable for flexible pavement. The results show that the fatigue damage of steel deck pavement coincides with traditional theory, the maximum tensile strain at the bottom of surface course is still the determination index, and the fatigue crack is presented mainly in four types; the maximum compressive strain on the top of steel plate is the determination index of rutting damage, the major cause for rut is the surface course under compressive strain in the wheel load position. The suitable material for steel deck one-course pavement is full depth Guss asphalt mix; the suitable combination for steel deck two-course pavement is modified asphalt mix on top and Guss asphalt mix at bottom.