Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin

Peterson, Warren Lee

doi:10.3133/ofr82301

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The dominant feature of the region, the Winegar Moraine, was deposited by the south‐flowing Ontonagan Lobe during the Late Wisconsinan approximately 10 000 yr ago (Peterson, 1982). The moraine is hummocky and contains till and debris flow sediments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant feature of the region, the Winegar Moraine, was deposited by the south-flowing Ontonagan Lobe during m Ϫ2 (Gries, 1995) under managed northern hardwoods (Crow, 1978). All of the sites have a Acer-Tsuga-Dryopteris (maple-the Late Wisconsinan approximately 10 000 yr ago (Peterson, 1982). The moraine is hummocky and contains till and debris hemlock-fern) habitat type (Natzke and Hvizdak, 1988).…”

Section: Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion Cycling in Hemlock–Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Lake Superior Region

Bockheim¹,

Crowley²

2002

J of Env Quality

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Upland forests of the southern Lake Superior region are diverse and contain a shifting mosaic of eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.] and northern hardwood forests dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). In this study, we survey the relative effects of management practice (old growth vs. managed), forest cover type (hemlock vs. northern hardwood), and soil great group (Entic Haplorthod vs. Alfic Oxyaquic Fragiorthod) on ion cycling as a precursor to a longer-term, more detailed study. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, and soil leachates at three depths were collected for two growing seasons in eight stands on the Ottawa National Forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. A total of 1210 solutions were analyzed for pH, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, and SO4. Losses of base cations (Ca, Mg, K) and SO4 from the bottom of the rooting zone generally were greater in old-growth than in managed northern hardwoods on both fragic and nonfragic soils. Leaching losses of base cations and NO3 usually were greater beneath old-growth northern hardwoods than beneath old-growth hemlock on both soil types and for both forest cover types and management practices on fragic than nonfragic soils. Management practice, forest cover type, and soil type all appear to affect ion cycling within these forests. All of the stands featured striking losses of base cations that probably are influenced strongly by NO3 and SO4 in atmospheric deposition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Cycling in Hemlock–Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Lake Superior Region

Bockheim¹,

Crowley²

2002

J of Env Quality

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“…The dominant landform of the area is the Winegar Moraine, which was deposited by the south-flowing Ontonagon ice lobe during the late Wisconsin approximately 10,000 years ago (Peterson 1982). The moraine is hummocky, contains till and debris-flow sediments capped in places with windblown sediments, and has a mean elevation of about 500 m above sea level.…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Base-cation Cycling by Individual Tree Species in Old-growth Forests of Upper Michigan, USA

2005

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The influence of individual tree species on base-cation (Ca, Mg, K, Na) distribution and cycling was examined in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), basswood (Tilia americana L.), and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) in old-growth northern hardwood -hemlock forests on a sandy, mixed, frigid, Typic Haplorthod over two growing seasons in northwestern Michigan. Base cations in biomass, forest floor, and mineral soil (0-15 cm and 15-40 cm) pools were estimated for five replicated trees of each species; measured fluxes included bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, litterfall, forest-floor leachate, mineralization + weathering, shallow-soil leachate, and deep-soil leachate. The three species differed in where base cations had accumulated within the single-tree ecosystems. Within these three single-tree ecosystems, the greatest quantity of base cations in woody biomass was found in sugar maple, whereas hemlock and basswood displayed the greatest amount in the upper 40 cm of mineral soil. Base-cation pools were ranked: sugar maple > basswood, hemlock in woody biomass; sugar maple, basswood > hemlock in foliage; hemlock > sugar maple, basswood in the forest floor, and basswood > sugar maple, hemlock in the mineral soil. Base-cation fluxes in throughfall, stemflow, the forest-floor leachate, and the deep-soil leachate (2000 only) were ranked: basswood > sugar maple > hemlock. Our measurements suggest that species-related differences in nutrient cycling are sufficient to produce significant differences in base-cation contents of the soil over short time intervals (<65 years). Moreover, these species-mediated differences may be important controls over the spatial pattern and edaphic processes of northern hardwood-hemlock ecosystems in the upper Great Lakes region.

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“…Interestingly, most of the other samples with high component 2 scores are in Northeastern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan on the far eastern edge of the loess sheet near the Mountain and Sagola end moraines and their outwash plains (Fig. 8;Peterson, 1985;Clayton, 1986). This area has vast expanses of fine sandy outwash and associated deposits, explaining the predominance of very fine sands in the loess immediately downwind (west).…”

Section: Pca Analysis Of Loesses In the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Using PCA to characterize and differentiate loess deposits in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan, USA

Scull

Schaetzl

2011

Geomorphology

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Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Iron River 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Ion Cycling in Hemlock–Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Lake Superior Region

Ion Cycling in Hemlock–Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Lake Superior Region

Base-cation Cycling by Individual Tree Species in Old-growth Forests of Upper Michigan, USA

Using PCA to characterize and differentiate loess deposits in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan, USA

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