Premalignant and Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Butani, Anjali; Arbesfeld, David M.; Schwartz, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.cps.2004.11.001

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Normally, we selected 1 month after the PDT as the point time to evaluate the histologic changes for lots of results showing this time point of the assessment might be an important consideration. The fact that 1-20% of AKs progress to squamous cell carcinoma and approximately 60% of all squamous cell carcinomas develop from AKs underscores the importance of early treatment of AKs [3]. Our findings showed approximately 85% of AKs are already cured after a single PDT exposure.…”

Section: Photomedicine -Advances In Clinical Practicesupporting

confidence: 57%

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Photodynamic Therapy

Liu¹,

Cai²

2017

Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs light activation of tissue-localized photosensitizer in an oxygen-dependent process which initiates oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the activation of a previously administered photosensitizing agent by visible light to induce tumor necrosis. Photosensitizers are topically applied in the treatment of skin tumors to avoid systemic side effects. The main dermatology indications for topical PDT are superficial nonmelanoma skin cancer and dysplasia, notably superficial basal carcinoma (BCC), Bowen's disease (BD), and actinic keratosis (AK). In this chapter, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer (ALA-PDT) in combination with CO 2 laser in the treatment of dermatological disease from basics to clinic research.

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Section: Photomedicine -Advances In Clinical Practicesupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The early skin changes may often appear to be eczema, tinea corporis, and psoriasis. Therefore, pathological diagnosis might be necessary when clinical differentiation between these diseases is difficult [3].…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapy For the Treatment Of Bowen's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy

Liu¹,

Cai²

2017

Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice

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“…Here we show that conditional activation of oncogenic H-Ras in the epidermis of aged mice results in in situ SCC resembling human Bowen's disease, an established precursor of invasive SCC. 56 In contrast, the outcome of similar H-Ras activity in young skin results in benign hyperproliferation accompanied by excessive hair growth. We believe that this model better recapitulates the human condition, as most human invasive SCC progress from either actinic keratosis or bowenoid lesions, considered in situ or early SCC 56 and H-Ras mutations can already be found in those lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…56 In contrast, the outcome of similar H-Ras activity in young skin results in benign hyperproliferation accompanied by excessive hair growth. We believe that this model better recapitulates the human condition, as most human invasive SCC progress from either actinic keratosis or bowenoid lesions, considered in situ or early SCC 56 and H-Ras mutations can already be found in those lesions. 57 The pronounced age-dependent differences in neoplastic phenotype are seen in correlation with the level and type of inflammation emerging in the young versus old skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-associated inflammation connects RAS-induced senescence to stem cell dysfunction and epidermal malignancy

et al. 2015

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Aging is the single biggest risk factor for malignant transformation. Among the most common age-associated malignancies are non-melanoma skin cancers, comprising the most common types of human cancer. Here we show that mutant H-Ras activation in mouse epidermis, a frequent event in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), elicits a differential outcome in aged versus young mice. Whereas H-Ras activation in the young skin results in hyperplasia that is mainly accompanied by rapid hair growth, H-Ras activation in the aged skin results in more dysplasia and gradual progression to in situ SCC. Progression is associated with increased inflammation, pronounced accumulation of immune cells including T cells, macrophages and mast cells as well as excessive cell senescence. We found not only an age-dependent increase in expression of several pro-inflammatory mediators, but also activation of a strong anti-inflammatory response involving enhanced IL4/IL10 expression and immune skewing toward a Th2 response. In addition, we observed an age-dependent increase in the expression of Pdl1, encoding an immune suppressive ligand that promotes cancer immune evasion. Moreover, upon switching off oncogenic H-Ras activity, young but not aged skin regenerates successfully, suggesting a failure of the aged epidermal stem cells to repair damaged tissue. Our findings support an age-dependent link between accumulation of senescent cells, immune infiltration and cancer progression, which may contribute to the increased cancer risk associated with old age.

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“…Increased number of Tp53 mutations were in the squamous cell carcinoma samples compared with perilesional or control samples (Boukamp et al, 2005;Loeb et al, 2012). More than half of all SCCs contain TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutations; such TP53 gene alterations are also common in the AK and may work synergistically with ultraviolet light to account for its malignant character (Butani et al, 2005). NOTCH1 or NOTCH2 mutations were identified in similar to 75% of cutaneous SCCs (Wang et al, 2011).From the three ras genes, Harvey-(Ha), Kirsten-(Ki) and N-ras, mutations in Ha-ras predominate in the general population with the mutations characteristically seen at codons 12, 13 and 61-all localized opposing UV-sensitive CC sites (Boukamp et al, 2005).TERT promoter mutations with UV-signatures are frequent in non-melanoma skin cancer, being present in around 50% of basal and squamous cell carcinomas (Griewank et al, 2013).…”

Section: Abnormally Expressed Genes In Csccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematical Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Network of microRNAs, Transcription Factors, and Target and Host Genes

Wang

Xu²,

Wang³

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules found in multicellular eukaryotes which are implicated in development of cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Expression is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow (or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. Interactions result in biological signal control networks. Materials and Methods: Molecular components involved in cSCC were here assembled at abnormally expressed, related and global levels. Networks at these three levels were constructed with corresponding biological factors in term of interactions between miRNAs and target genes, TFs and miRNAs, and host genes and miRNAs. Up/down regulation or mutation of the factors were considered in the context of the regulation and significant patterns were extracted. Results: Participants of the networks were evaluated based on their expression and regulation of other factors. Sub-networks with two core TFs, TP53 and EIF2C2, as the centers are identified. These share self-adapt feedback regulation in which a mutual restraint exists. Up or down regulation of certain genes and miRNAs are discussed. Some, for example the expression of MMP13, were in line with expectation while others, including FGFR3, need further investigation of their unexpected behavior. Conclusions: The present research suggests that dozens of components, miRNAs, TFs, target genes and host genes included, unite as networks through their regulation to function systematically in human cSCC. Networks built under the currently available sources provide critical signal controlling pathways and frequent patterns. Inappropriate controlling signal flow from abnormal expression of key TFs may push the system into an incontrollable situation and therefore contributes to cSCC development.

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Premalignant and Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 26 publications

References 133 publications

Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic Therapy

Age-associated inflammation connects RAS-induced senescence to stem cell dysfunction and epidermal malignancy

Systematical Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Network of microRNAs, Transcription Factors, and Target and Host Genes

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