Premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings

Maymone, Mayra B.C.; Greer, Robert O.; Kesecker, Jeffery; Sahitya, Priya Cherukuri; Burdine, Lauren K.; Cheng, Anh-Dao; Maymone, Alexandre C.; Vashi, Neelam A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.060

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare, high-risk, multifocal type of leukoplakia [35,36] mostly affecting women in their sixth decade of life with no history of tobacco or alcohol use [35,36]. PVL presents as non-homogeneous small white patches or plaques that evolve to become progressively verrucous end exophytic; the areas most commonly involved are the gingiva, alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue [35,36] (Figure 1). The malignant transformation rate has been reported to be 60% to 100% [35,36], with a higher rate of recurrence after surgical excision [37].…”

Section: Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PVL presents as non-homogeneous small white patches or plaques that evolve to become progressively verrucous end exophytic; the areas most commonly involved are the gingiva, alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue [35,36] (Figure 1). The malignant transformation rate has been reported to be 60% to 100% [35,36], with a higher rate of recurrence after surgical excision [37]. Due to its high chance of malignant transformation, it is extremely important to promptly recognize it through specific diagnostic criteria that include the following [35,38,39]:…”

Section: Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erythroplakic lesions are usually asymptomatic, but sometimes patients, most commonly those presenting with erythroleukoplakia [35], refer a burning sensation and/or soreness [26]. The most common site for the occurrence of this lesion is the soft palate, followed by the ventral tongue, floor of the mouth, and tonsillar pillars [36]; most patients present a single lesion [35] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Erythroplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis

Abati

Bramati

Bondi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

223

124

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Oral cancer (OC) is an uncommon malignancy in Western countries, being one of the most common cancers in some high-risk areas of the world. It is a largely preventable cancer, since most of the different risk factors identified, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, are behaviors that increase the likelihood of the disease. Given its high mortality, early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Prevention and the anticipation of diagnosis begin with identification of potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and with local conditions promoting chronic inflammation. Therefore, every lesion must be recognized promptly and treated adequately. The clinical recognition and evaluation of oral mucosal lesions can detect up to 99% of oral cancers/premalignancies. As stated by the World Health Organization, any suspicious lesion that does not subside within two weeks from detection and removal of local causes of irritation must be biopsied. Surgical biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of oral cancer. Adjunctive tools have been developed and studied to help clinicians in the diagnostic pathway, such as toluidine blue vital staining and autofluorescence imaging. In the near future other methods, i.e., identification of salivary markers of progression may help in reducing mortality due to oral cancer.

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Section: Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erythroplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis

Abati

Bramati

Bondi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

223

124

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“…The family history, color, location, change in pattern, distribution (focal, multifocal, or diffuse), the duration of existence, and drug use can help make a differential diagnosis. Although some lesions can be definitely diagnosed on clinical assessment, a biopsy is usually required to reach a definitive diagnosis (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension Without Malignant Changes in Oral Melanotic Macule: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Sadrabad

Sohanian

Bazazzadeh

et al. 2019

Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud

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Introduction: Oral melanotic macule (OMM) is a benign discoloration of oral mucosa that is identified by an increase in melanin pigmentation. The diagnosis of OMM is critical because it may have a similarity to oral melanoma at early stages. Therefore, microscopic examination is necessary to confirm the accurate diagnosis of the OMM. Case Presentation: We report two cases of discoloration in the oral cavity with asymmetry and border irregularity. After obtaining informed consent, we performed an excisional biopsy that showed the increase of melanin adjacent to the basal and parabasal layers of squamous epithelial cells, confirming the diagnosis of OMM. Conclusions: Early melanoma can have a similar clinical appearance to OMM. Therefore, an excisional biopsy can be done and the diagnosis of OMM can be confirmed by microscopic examination.

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“…Leukoplakia may be divided into homogenous and nonhomogeneous types. Nonhomogeneous OL presents a higher risk for malignant transformation [4]. Warnakulasuriya and Ariyawardana revealed a total transformation rate of 14.5% for nonhomogeneous leukoplakia [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis to Estimate Effectiveness of Oral Leukoplakia Treatment Using an Er:YAG Laser—A Prospective Study

Jurczyszyn

Kozakiewicz

2020

Materials

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Background: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potential neoplasmic lesion. The aim of this study was to apply texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to estimate the effectiveness of OL treatment using an Er:YAG laser. Methods: Eighteen patients with 32 lesions were treated. Laser procedures were conducted using the LiteTouch™ Er:YAG Dental Laser. The diameter of the operational tip was 1.3 mm, the power was 50 mJ, the frequency was 50 Hz, and the wavelength was 2940 nm. TA was based on long and short-run emphasis inverse moments, difference entropy, inverse difference moment, and wavelet decomposition for two-dimensional photography. FDA was measured using the box-counting method. Results: Total response was achieved in 50% of lesions, partial response was observed in 47%, and 3% of lesions did not respond to treatment. Recurrence occurred in 34% of lesions. TA features indicated pathological images depicting leukoplakia and complete reconstruction of the correct mucosal image after laser ablation. The discrete wavelet transformation feature detects much larger structures than the properties derived from the run-length matrix and co-occurrence matrix. Conclusions: The Er:YAG laser is an effective treatment method in cases of oral leukoplakia. Leukoplakia treatment by Er:YAG laser is an effective modality, as revealed by the oral mucosa microstructure. TA and FDA are promising methods to estimate the effectiveness of OL treatment.

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Premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings

Cited by 53 publications

References 89 publications

Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis

Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis

Extension Without Malignant Changes in Oral Melanotic Macule: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Application of Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis to Estimate Effectiveness of Oral Leukoplakia Treatment Using an Er:YAG Laser—A Prospective Study

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