Premature chromatid separation and altered proliferation of human leukocytes treated with vanadium (III) oxide

Abstract

Vanadium is a widely distributed metal in the Earth's surface and is released into the environment by either natural or anthropogenic causes. Vanadium (III) oxide (VO) is present in the environment, and many organisms are exposed to this compound; however, its effects at the cellular and genetic levels are still unknown. Therefore, in this study, the ability of VO to induce chromosomal damage and impair cell proliferation was tested on human leukocytes in vitro. The cultures cells were treated for 48 h with different concentrations 2, 4, 8 or 16 μg/mL of VO, and we use the sister chromatid exchange's (SCE) test and the viability assay to evaluate the effects. In the results, no change was observed in either the viability or the frequency of SCE; however, a significant increase was observed in the incidence of premature chromatid separation (PCS), and a decrease was observed in both the mitotic index (MI) and the replication index (RI). Therefore, it can be suggested that VO induces a genotoxic effect at the centromere level, indicating that it is a cause of aneuploidy that is capable of altering cell cycle progression.

Vanadium oxides modify the expression levels of the p21, p53, and Cdc25C proteins in human lymphocytes treated in vitro

“…In the laboratory, vanadium oxides have been shown to have genotoxic effects on human leukocytes and lymphocytes, since they are capable of inducing primary DNA damage 17 and structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations, [14][15][16] and at the same time, they decrease cell proliferation. [16][17][18] These findings are similar to those in other in vivo and in vitro studies, where vanadium compounds were administered in oxidation states 4+ and 5+, and DNA was damaged. 4,[45][46][47] Therefore, it is possible that the increase in the expression levels of the p53 protein is because both V 2 O 4 and V 2 O 5 are damaging to DNA, and it is being repaired.…”

“…According to previous reports, 17,18 10 μl of sample was incubated with 10 μl of mixed fluorochrome dye (0.125 μg/μl CFDA and 0.025 μg/μl EB) for 15 min and then analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. The viable cells fluoresced green, and nonviable cells were indicated by orange-stained nuclei.…”

“…Previous studies performed with oxides of this metal demonstrated a cytostatic effect resulting from a delay in the cellular proliferation of human leukocytes treated in vitro, evidenced by declines in the mitotic index (MI), replicative index (RI), and increment in the average generation time, as well as changes in DNA damage and chromosomal alterations. [14][15][16][17][18] Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which vanadium compounds exert such effects on human cells and what molecules are responsible for the delay in the cell cycle are not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the capacity of vanadium trioxide, vanadium tetraoxide or vanadium pentoxide (…”

The Effect of Vanadium Inhalation on the Tumor Progression of Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas in a Mice Model

“…Recently, Rozzo et al, [15] reported the effect of V compounds in the melanoma A375 cell line in which apoptosis is observed, as well as the arrest of cell cycle in two different phases, probably by different mechanisms. The findings reported here suggest that V in aerosol delivery could be acting by inducing apoptosis and possible the tumors' cell cycle arrest [28][29][30].…”