Premature Mortality Due to Malignancies of the Kidney and Bladder in Japan, 1980–2010

Abstract

BackgroundIn the present study, we examined the trends of premature mortality due to kidney and bladder cancers among the Japanese population from 1980 through 2010.MethodsMortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. Years of life lost (YLL) was estimated using Japanese life tables. Average lifespan shortened (ALSS) was calculated and defined as the ratio of years of life lost relative to the expected lifespan.ResultsOver the study period, the age-standardized rates to the World Standard Population for deaths from kidney and bladder cancers were stable. The average years of life lost (AYLL) measure shows decreases of about 4 and 6 years of life for kidney cancer in men and women, respectively, and decreases of about 2 years of life for bladder cancer in both sexes. The ALSS shows that patients with kidney cancer lost 21.0% and 24.7% of their lifespan among men and women in 1980, whereas respective losses were 15.3% and 15.8% in 2010. Also, patients with bladder cancer on average lost 13.5% in men and 14.2% in women in 1980 and 10.8% in men and 11.1% in women in 2010.ConclusionsOur study shows favorable trends in premature mortality for kidney and bladder cancers in Japan over a 30-year period; however, patients with bladder cancer on average lost a smaller proportion of their lifespan compared to those with kidney cancer. The development of a novel ALSS measure is convenient in examination of the burden of premature mortality over time.

Premature deaths due to head and neck cancers in canada: A nationwide analysis from 1980 to 2010

“…[17][18][19] As described in previous studies, we proposed a novel measure called ALSS in addition to existing life-lost indicators. [9][10][11] The calculation of YLL over a long period required several different life tables, which made the comparison over time of the total YLL and AYLL more challenging. Therefore, our new ALSS measure allows for a more intuitive interpretation of the findings.…”

“…The ALSS was calculated as a ratio of YLL compared to the expected lifespan based on the respective life table. Previously published articles detail the utility of our novel ALSS measure, and outline how the ALSS is calculated using two hypothetical examples provided in the Materials and Methods section . In general, the ALSS indicates an average, expressed by percentage, of the lifespan shortened among all people who died from a particular health condition.…”

“…Previously published articles detail the utility of our novel ALSS measure, [9][10][11] and outline how the ALSS is calculated using two hypothetical examples provided in the Materials and Methods section. 11 In general, the ALSS indicates an average, expressed by percentage, of the lifespan shortened among all people who died from a particular health condition. Graphs were drawn by PROC SGPANEL using LOESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoother) regression to depict the trends of ASR and ALSS over time.…”

“…To address the aforementioned comparability issue, we recently proposed a novel measure of premature mortality. We refer to this as average lifespan shortened (ALSS), which is the ratio of the actual YLL to the expected lifespan for individuals if they had not died prematurely of a particular health condition …”

“…We refer to this as average lifespan shortened (ALSS), which is the ratio of the actual YLL to the expected lifespan for individuals if they had not died prematurely of a particular health condition. [9][10][11] To our knowledge, there have been no previous studies investigating the long-term trends of premature mortality for head and neck cancers in Canada. Our study aimed to use national mortality data to estimate premature mortality caused by head and neck cancers from 1980 through 2010 and to demonstrate the utility of our new premature mortality measure of ALSS.…”