“…20,54 In addition, 12 cohorts were based on hospital visits or specialist clinics, and thus might be affected by selection bias due to a higher proportion of patients with refractory epilepsy. 19,22,23,25,31,32,34,35,39,47,49,55 However, there was no difference in the magnitude of estimates between population-based studies and other studies (p 5 0.56; I 2 98.67%).…”