Premature or pathological aging: longevity

Abstract

The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.Keywords: Human longevity; Metabolic changes; Aging; Life quality; Diet. ResumoO principal objetivo desta revisão da literatura foi resumir e caracterizar os principais fatores e eventos que podem influenciar negativamente a qualidade de vida e a longevidade humana. Os fatores que atuam nos processos de envelhecimento prematuro são essencialmente os mesmos que aqueles relacionados ao envelhecimento saudável ou natural, mas em uma maior intensidade ou maneira descontrolada. Tais fatores são: 1) genéticos (genoma); 2) metabólicos (metaboloma); 3) ambientais (condições e estilos de vida, incluindo a alimentação). Os fatores dos itens 1 e 2 são mais difíceis de ser controlados, pois dependem das condições socioeconômicas, culturais e educacionais. Diferentemente dos fatores ambientais que podem ser controlados pelo indivíduo. A falta de familiaridade com esses fatores leva a doenças crônicas e/ou degenerativas que comprometem a qualidade de vida e a longevidade. Palavras-chave:Longevidade; Alterações metabólicas; Envelhecimento; Qualidade de vida; Alimentação.

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