Premature responding is associated with approach to a food cue in male and female heterogeneous stock rats

King, Christopher P.; Palmer, Abraham A.; Woods, Leah C. Solberg; Hawk, Larry W.; Richards, Jerry B.; Meyer, Paul J.

doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4306-x

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Recent studies have addressed the role of sex differences in incentive salience attribution. The presence of sex-related differences in conditioned approach behavior is in line with other studies where female rats acquired ST behavior slightly faster than males [ 47 , 54 ] or presented higher ST behavior than males sustained in time [ 55 ]. However, sex differences in ST and GT behavior may be strain-dependent since they have not been detected in all studies [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sex-dependent impact of early-life stress and adult immobilization in the attribution of incentive salience in rats

et al. 2018

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Early life stress (ELS) induces long-term effects in later functioning and interacts with further exposure to other stressors in adulthood to shape our responsiveness to reward-related cues. The attribution of incentive salience to food-related cues may be modulated by previous and current exposures to stressors in a sex-dependent manner. We hypothesized from human data that exposure to a traumatic (severe) adult stressor will decrease the attribution of incentive salience to reward-associated cues, especially in females, because these effects are modulated by previous ELS. To study these factors in Long-Evans rats, we used as an ELS model of restriction of nesting material and concurrently evaluated maternal care. In adulthood, the offspring of both sexes were exposed to acute immobilization (IMO), and several days after, a Pavlovian conditioning procedure was used to assess the incentive salience of food-related cues. Some rats developed more attraction to the cue predictive of reward (sign-tracking) and others were attracted to the location of the reward itself, the food-magazine (goal-tracking). Several dopaminergic markers were evaluated by in situ hybridization. The results showed that ELS increased maternal care and decreased body weight gain (only in females). Regarding incentive salience, in absolute control animals, females presented slightly greater sign-tracking behavior than males. Non-ELS male rats exposed to IMO showed a bias towards goal-tracking, whereas in females, IMO produced a bias towards sign-tracking. Animals of both sexes not exposed to IMO displayed an intermediate phenotype. ELS in IMO-treated females was able to reduce sign-tracking and decrease tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the ventral tegmental area and dopamine D1 receptor expression in the accumbens shell. Although the predicted greater decrease in females in sign-tracking after IMO exposure was not corroborated by the data, the results highlight the idea that sex is an important factor in the study of the long-term impact of early and adult stressors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sex-dependent impact of early-life stress and adult immobilization in the attribution of incentive salience in rats

et al. 2018

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“…This task assesses sensitivity to cues in the environment, by measuring the ability of those cues to elicit approach behavior (Meyer et al , 2012a, Robinson et al , 2014). Response to Pavlovian reward cues have been further associated with response to drug-cues (Saunders & Robinson, 2010, Versaggi et al , 2016) and action impulsivity (King et al , 2016, Lovic et al , 2011). Response to environmental cues may explain one mechanism by which drug-associated stimuli come to prompt maladaptive behavior or drug seeking (Childress et al , 2008, Franklin et al , 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cdh13 and AdipoQ gene knockout alter instrumental and Pavlovian drug conditioning

King

Militello

Hart

et al. 2017

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Genome-wide association studies in humans have suggested that variants of the cadherin-13 (CDH13) gene are associated with substance use disorder, subjective response to amphetamine, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. To examine the role of the Cdh13 and its peptide ligand adiponectin (AdipoQ) in addiction-related behaviors, we assessed Cdh13 knock-out rats and AdipoQ knock-out mice using intravenous cocaine self-administration and conditioned place preference paradigms. During intravenous cocaine self-administration, male Cdh13 heterozygous (+/−) and knock-out (−/−) rats showed increased cue-induced reinstatement compared to wild-type rats when presented with a cocaine-paired stimulus, whereas female Cdh13 rats showed no differences across genotype. Cdh13 −/− rats showed higher responding for a saccharin reinforcer and learned the choice reaction time task more slowly than wild-types. However, we found no differences between Cdh13 −/− and +/+ rats in responding for sensory reinforcement, number of premature responses in the reaction time task, tendency to approach a Pavlovian food cue, conditioned place preference and locomotor activation to cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg). In AdipoQ −/− mice there was a significant increase in conditioned place preference to methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) but not to a range of d-amphetamine doses (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg). Taken together, these data suggest that Cdh13 and AdipoQ regulate sensitivity to psychomotor stimulants and palatable rewards without producing major changes in other behaviors. In humans, these two genes may regulate sensitivity to natural and drug rewards, thus influencing susceptibility to the conditioned drug effects and relapse.

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“…It, therefore, may entail a high attrition rate, a spatial bias toward certain signals, and/or a protracted training process (Puumala et al, 1996;Passetti et al, 2002;Bari et al, 2008), which could introduce certain confounding factors, such as age, learning effects, and "enrichment" resulting from training. Another well-documented, less complex yet multifunctional task is the 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task, which has been used to assess deficits in sustained attention (McGaughy and Sarter, 1995), motor readiness (Brown and Robbins, 1991), and response inhibition (Phillips and Brown, 1999;King et al, 2016), as well as overall attention deficits (Hausknecht et al, 2005). In the present study, a modified 2-CRT task was applied, which involved a short training process and thus could demonstrate possible attention deficits in young rats after PE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) causes multiple behavioral and cognitive deficits, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Studies show that 49-94% of FASD children exhibit attention deficits, even when they have normal IQs or lack severe facial deformities, suggesting that attention deficits could be caused by even moderate prenatal exposure to alcohol, of which the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. A valid rodent model could help elucidate this phenomenon. Materials and Methods: A second-trimester equivalent binge drinking PE model was utilized. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered with 15% (w/v) ethanol (6 g/kg/day, via gastric gavage) during gestational days 8-20, and their offspring were the subjects in the present study. A modified 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task was used to illustrate possible attention deficits, including increased action impulsivity and lapses of attention. Enhanced impulsivity was reflected by more premature responses while increased lapses of attention were manifested as more incorrect responses and/or greater variability of reaction time, demonstrated by more skewed distributions of reaction time. Ten-week-old male and female rats were tested for three sessions following 16-19 days of training. Results: Our PE paradigm caused no major teratogenic effects. PE led to increased impulsivity exhibited as greater premature responses and augmented lapses of attention shown by greater skewnesses of reaction time distributions, relative to controls. The deficits were observed in both PE male and female rats. Interestingly, in males, the attention deficits were detected only when the 2-CRT task was relatively difficult whereas in females they were detected even when the task was at a less demanding level. Conclusion: We show that the binge drinking pattern of PE led to attention deficits in both sexes of rats even though no major teratogenic effects were observed. Therefore, this rodent model can be used to study neural mechanisms underlying attention deficits caused by PE and to explore effective intervention approaches for FASD.

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Premature responding is associated with approach to a food cue in male and female heterogeneous stock rats

Cited by 36 publications

References 85 publications

Sex-dependent impact of early-life stress and adult immobilization in the attribution of incentive salience in rats

Sex-dependent impact of early-life stress and adult immobilization in the attribution of incentive salience in rats

Cdh13 and AdipoQ gene knockout alter instrumental and Pavlovian drug conditioning

Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats

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