Premature thelarche in an infant girl with failure to thrive related to dietary soy exposure

Chang, Serena Su Ying; Nagarajan, Nandhakumar; Tan, Joanne Mui Ching

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-239651

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…A recent case report described an infant with failure to thrive and premature thelarche after consuming a non‐standard and unsuitable SF 26 . On the other hand, a nested case–control study of a birth cohort 24 and other reviews 27,28 did not detect any association between SF consumption and abnormal pubertal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy

Sakihara

Otsuji

Arakaki

et al. 2022

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background The effects of regular soy formula (SF) intake on the development of food sensitization in infancy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of regular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization development by 6 months of age. Methods Using data from a randomized controlled trial of a birth cohort from four Japanese hospitals that assessed cow's milk allergy development, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 235 infants who avoided cow's milk formula and supplemented breastfeeding with SF as required between 1 and 2 months of age. Regular SF intake was defined as SF consumption of ≥14 days per month and ≥1350 ml per month. Food sensitization was defined as positive skin prick test reactions to hen's egg, cow's milk, wheat, and/or soy. Using multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for parental, perinatal, and environmental factors, we calculated the adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization by 6 months of age. Results From the 235 participants, 114 (48.5%) had regular SF intake. The adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization were 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62, p = .0007), 0.42 (0.20–0.88, p = .02), and 0.33 (0.14–0.81, p = .02), respectively. Conclusion Regular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age in infants avoiding cow's milk formula was significantly associated with a reduced risk of food sensitization in infancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy

Sakihara

Otsuji

Arakaki

et al. 2022

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Premature Thelarche: An Updated Review

Leung

Lam

Hon

2024

CPR

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Background: Premature thelarche is the most common pubertal disorder in girls. The condition should be differentiated from central precocious puberty which may result in early epiphyseal fusion and reduced adult height, necessitating treatment. Objective: The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations of premature thelarche and the clinical features and laboratory tests that may help distinguish premature thelarche from central precocious puberty. Methods: A search was conducted in September 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term " Premature thelarche". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used to compile the present article. Results: Premature thelarche denotes isolated breast development before the age of 8 years in girls who do not manifest other signs of pubertal development. The condition is especially prevalent during the first two years of life. The majority of cases of premature thelarche are idiopathic. The condition may result from an unsuppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the early years of life, an "overactivation" of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in early childhood secondary to altered sensitivity to steroids of the hypothalamic receptors controlling sexual maturation, increased circulating free estradiol, increased sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogens, and exposure to exogenous estrogens. The cardinal feature of premature thelarche is breast development which occurs without additional signs of pubertal development in girls under 8 years of age. The enlargement may involve only one breast, both breasts asymmetrically, or both breasts symmetrically. The breast size may fluctuate cyclically. The enlarged breast tissue may be transiently tender. There should be no significant changes in the nipples or areolae and no pubic or axillary hair. The vulva, labia majora, labia minora, and vagina remain prepubertal. Affected girls have a childlike body habitus and do not have mature contours. They are of average height and weight. Growth and osseous maturation, the onset of puberty and menarche, and the pattern of adolescent sexual development remain normal. Most cases of premature thelarche can be diagnosed on clinical grounds. Laboratory tests are seldom indicated. No single test can reliably differentiate premature thelarche from precocious puberty. Conclusion: Premature thelarche is benign, and no therapy is necessary apart from parental reassurance. As enlargement of breasts may be the first sign of central precocious puberty, a prolonged follow-up period every 3 to 6 months with close monitoring of other pubertal events and linear growth is indicated in all instances.

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Premature thelarche in an infant girl with failure to thrive related to dietary soy exposure

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy

Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy

Premature Thelarche: An Updated Review

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