Prematurity-Related Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Popławska, Karolina; Dudek, Karolina; Koziarz, Maja; Cieniawski, Dominik; Dróżdż, Tomasz; Śmiałek, Sylwester; Drożdż, Dorota; Kwinta, Przemko

doi:10.1155/2012/537936

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…We observed higher blood pressure, lower HDL-cholesterol and higher waist/hip ratio among PT-adults, which is consistent with early manifestation of blood pressure elevations during childhood (Bonamy, Kallen, & Norman, 2012; de Jong et al, 2012; Poplawska et al, 2012), abnormal lipid profile (Parkinson et al, 2013) and impaired fetal growth relating to central fat distribution (Barbieri et al, 2009; Labayen et al, 2006; Mathai et al, 2013; Thomas et al, 2011). Our findings of additive effects of term status and dietary quality on blood pressure suggest that simultaneous improvement of both prenatal and postnatal factors is needed to manage this CVD risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease

et al. 2016

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Being born prematurely associates with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Less understood are the unique and joint associations of dietary patterns and behaviors to this elevated risk among adults who are born prematurely. We aimed to model the associations between term status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors with CVD risk factors while accounting for the longitudinal effects of family protection, and medical or environmental risks. In wave-VIII of a longitudinal study, 23-year olds born prematurely (PT-adults, n=129) and full term (FT-adults, n=38) survey-reported liking for foods/beverages and activities, constructed into indexes of dietary quality and sensation-seeking, dietary restraint and physical activity. Measured CVD risk factors included fasting serum lipids and glucose, blood pressure and adiposity. In bivariate relationships, PT-adults reported lower dietary quality (including less affinity for protein-rich foods and higher affinity for sweets), less liking for sensation-seeking foods/activities, and less restrained eating did FT-adults. In comparison to nationally-representative values and the FT-adults, PT-adults showed greater level of CVD factors for blood pressure and serum lipids. In structural equation modeling, dietary quality completely mediated the association between term status and HDL-cholesterol (higher quality, lower HDL-cholesterol) yet joined term status to explain variability in systolic blood pressure (PT-adults with lowest dietary quality had highest blood pressures). Through lower dietary quality, being born prematurely was indirectly linked to higher cholesterol/HDL, higher LDL/HDL and elevated waist/hip ratios. The relationship between dietary quality and CVD risk was strongest for PT-adults who had developed greater cumulative medical risk. Protective environments failed to attenuate relationships between dietary quality and elevated CVD risk among PT-adults. In summary, less healthy dietary behaviors contribute to elevated CVD risk among young adults who are born prematurely.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease

et al. 2016

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“…The correlation between prematurity and hypertension has been broadly discussed in the literature [21]. In our study, the group of children born preterm had higher night-time blood pressure without nocturnal dipping, which, according to Flynn [22],may be the first step in the development of secondary hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

From a Regional Cohort of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Cardiac Function at the Age of 7 Years

et al. 2013

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Background: The long-term impact of prematurity on cardiac structure and function has not yet been fully discovered. Objectives: To assess long-term cardiac complications in the regional cohort of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children born in 2002-2004. Material and Methods: Eighty-one children born as ELBW infants (91% of the available cohort) with a median birth weight of 890 g (25-75th percentile: 760-950) were evaluated at the mean age of 6.7 years. The control group included 40 children born full-term, selected from one general practice in the district. Echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) were performed. The primary outcome variable was the presence of cardiac complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction or systolic dysfunction. Results: LVH was diagnosed in 4/81 ELBW children and 2/40 control children (p = 1.0). Concentric remodeling was detected in 8 (10%) subjects from the ELBW group and in 2 (5%) from the control group (p = 0.49). There were no patients with diastolic or systolic dysfunction in either group. After having expressed the results of M-mode echocardiography as z-scores for body surface area (BSA), statistically significant differences were observed for right-ventricle dimension in diastole (-1.49 ± 1.25 vs. -0.31 ± 0.91; p < 0.001), LV inner dimension in diastole (-0.53 ± 1.26 vs. 0.13 ± 0.94; p = 0.01) and left atrium (-0.93 ± 1.07 vs. -0.15 ± 1.02; p < 0.01). Heart rate (HR) was significantly faster in ELBW children (92.9 ± 8.4 vs. 86.7 ± 7.4 bpm; p = 0.01 adjusted for BSA) and they also had significantly higher night-time blood pressure [mean (z-score): 1.15 vs. 0.2; p = 0.02] without nocturnal dipping (night-time dipping <10%: 13 (16.7%) vs. 2 (5.2%), p = 0.13). Conclusions: No differences were found between the groups in the occurrence of cardiac complications. Ex-preterm ELBW children at age 6 may have a faster HR, smaller cardiac dimensions on echocardiography and higher nocturnal blood pressure. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.

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“…A recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed that children and adults born preterm had higher systolic BP than those born at term [19], and the prevalence of systemic hypertension (HTN) among previously preterm school-aged children, adolescents, and adults has been reported as 10-25, 16, and 6-10%, respectively [20]. Previous studies have suggested various hypotheses to explain HTN in individuals who were born preterm, including impaired intrauterine kidney growth [21] and accelerated weight gain in the first 36 months of life [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Kwon

Kim

An³

et al. 2016

Neonatology

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Background: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are uncertain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of PH in prematurely born children diagnosed with moderate to severe BPD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients born before 32 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with moderate to severe BPD from June 2004 to April 2008. Patients were recruited for a cross-sectional study from August to October 2014 and underwent echocardiography. Results: Forty-two children were enrolled. Their mean gestational age and birth weight were 26.2 ± 1.7 weeks and 753.1 ± 172.5 g, respectively. Sixteen patients (38%) were diagnosed with PH at a mean age of 3.3 ± 1.6 months, and the PH improved after a median of 12.3 months (range 0.7-46.6). Cardiovascular function was reassessed at a mean age of 7.7 ± 0.9 years, at which time 1 patient was taking a medication for recurrent PH, and 12 (28.6%) patients exhibited elevated blood pressure. Conventional 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography indicated normal ventricular function in all children. However, right ventricular longitudinal strains were decreased in children with previous PH. Conclusions: Subclinical ventricular dysfunction was detectable using sensitive echocardiographic techniques in children with previous BPD-associated PH. Long-term follow-up and meticulous cardiovascular function assessment are required in this population.

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Prematurity-Related Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease

Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease

From a Regional Cohort of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Cardiac Function at the Age of 7 Years

Long-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

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