Premedication With Atropine by Mouth

Joseph, M.C.; Vale, R.J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(60)92132-2

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This suggests that the ratio of 1.86:1 reported by Murrin (1973) as the ratio between oral and i.m. dose is more appropriate than the ratio of 1.3:1 suggested by Joseph and Vale (1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Glycopyrrolate in Children

Warran

Radford

Manford

1981

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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The effects of glycopyrrolate 10 microgram kg-1 i.v. given at induction of anaesthesia were compared with those of atropine 20 microgram kg-1 i.v. given at induction and oral atropine 30 microgram kg-1 given 90 min before operation. Antisialagogue effect, changes in axillary temperature, heart rate, frequency of cardiac arrhythmia and postoperative restlessness were determined. Patients who had received oral atropine had more pharyngeal secretions, a lower heart rate and a greater frequency of cardiac arrhythmia than when either atropine or glycopyrrolate was given i.v. Secretions were significantly less during operation when i.v. glycopyrrolate was used.

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“…This suggests that the ratio of 1.86:1 reported by Murrin (1973) as the ratio between oral and i.m. dose is more appropriate than the ratio of 1.3:1 suggested by Joseph and Vale (1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Glycopyrrolate in Children

Warran

Radford

Manford

1981

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…In male volunteers, Seppala & Visakorpi (33) found that atropine (0.85 mg or 1.7 mg) caused dose-related CNS-impairments 1 h after drug intake, coinciding (33). In earlier studies it has been reported that the oral dose of atropine should be at least twice as high as the intramuscular one to produce the same degree of tachycardia, but in respect of the inhibition of salivary secretion, sweat gland activity and ocular effects the response to the oral dose is smaller (31,(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic implications for the clinical use of atropine, scopolamine and glycopyrrolate

Kanto

Klotz

1988

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Several specific and sensitive new methods for determining atropine and its metabolites in biological fluids have increased the possibility to characterise the pharmacokinetic properties of this antimuscarinic agent. Following i.v. injection, atropine disappears very quickly from the circulation, resembling its fast onset of action. Age, but not sex, appears to have a clear effect on its kinetics, explaining at least partly the higher sensitivity of very young and very old patients to this anticholinergic agent. Following i.m. or oral atropine administration, typical anticholinergic effects coincide quite well with the absorption rate of the drug, indicating that the premedication should be given about 1 and 2 h before induction of anaesthesia. A sufficient absorption after rectal administration offers an alternative treatment, especially in children. Differing from its placental transfer, atropine has a delayed and incomplete lumbar cerebrospinal fluid penetration, indicating a fundamental difference between these two biological membranes. Oropharyngeally administered atropine has a very variable absorption, but inhaled or intratracheally given drug has produced interesting new results, e.g. pulmonary atropine administration appears to have clinical significance in special situations, such as cardiac arrest and organophosphate poisoning (military personnel). Depending on the method used, different data on the metabolism and excretion for atropine have been reported and therefore further studies are needed in this respect. The pharmacokinetics of scopolamine and glycopyrrolate and their relation to clinical response are poorly understood.

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“…It is conceivable that several other drugs with an absorption pattern similar to diazepam could be administered with an anticholinergic without effect on the rate of absorption, provided both drugs are administered orally at the same time. The satisfactory results of combining a sedative-hypnotic drug with an anticholinergic as oral premedication in children (Joseph and Vale, 1960;Doughty, 1962;Gordon and Turner, 1969) support this view. However, drug interactions in gastrointestinal absorption may be very complex, involving several mechanisms, so that the results of this study should be extended to other drugs with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of Oral Atropine or Hyoscine on the Absorption of Oral Diazepam

Gregoretti

Uges

1982

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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The influence of oral atropine or hyoscine on the absorption of oral diazepam administered at the same time was studied in eight volunteers using a three-way crossover randomized double-blind design. No difference was found in the timing of sedation or in the degree of sedation after diazepam alone or in combination with the anticholinergics. Diazepam serum concentrations were not significantly different after the three regimens. It is concluded that the anticholinergics can be given with diazepam for oral premedication without interfering with diazepam absorption.

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Premedication With Atropine by Mouth

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Glycopyrrolate in Children

Glycopyrrolate in Children

Pharmacokinetic implications for the clinical use of atropine, scopolamine and glycopyrrolate

Influence of Oral Atropine or Hyoscine on the Absorption of Oral Diazepam

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