Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and eating disorders

Verri, Anna; Nappi, Rossella E.; Vallero, E; Galli, C; Sances, Grazia; Martignoni, E.

doi:10.1177/0333102497017s2008

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Efforts to identify personality traits and personality disorders that are disproportionately common among women with PMDD have yielded inconsistent results, perhaps consequent to methodological confounds such as small sample sizes, lack of matched, healthy controls, and presumptions that state-related symptoms were traits (Verri et al, 1997); (Freeman et al, 1995); (Williams et al, 2007). Freeman et al (1995) demonstrated elevated scores on all three personality dimensions of the TPQ, particularly Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking, in women with PMS compared with normative sample data; however, only 22% of PMS subjects had high scores in more than one dimension, which suggests that no single pattern was strongly characteristic of PMS subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freeman et al (1995) demonstrated elevated scores on all three personality dimensions of the TPQ, particularly Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking, in women with PMS compared with normative sample data; however, only 22% of PMS subjects had high scores in more than one dimension, which suggests that no single pattern was strongly characteristic of PMS subjects. Another study employing the TPQ and comparing PMDD subjects with healthy controls found higher Harm Avoidance scores in the PMDD sample (Verri et al, 1997). Other studies have also linked traits such as Neuroticism, Harm Avoidance, and Novelty Seeking to women suffering from premenstrual mood disorders (e.g., PMS) (Berlin et al, 2001); (Coppen & Kessel, 1963); (Freeman et al, 1995); (Taylor, 1979); (Gath et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) associations with psychological traits in women with PMDD and controls

Miller

Vo²,

Huo³

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a mood disorder affecting about 5% of women and is associated with substantial morbidity. Albeit inconsistently, PMDD is described as being characterized by heritable personality traits. Although PMDD is a heritable disorder, it is unclear whether any of the heritable susceptibility to PMDD resides in heritable personality traits. In groups of carefully characterized women with PMDD (n=68) and controls (n=56), we attempted to determine whether diagnosis-related traits could be confirmed, as well as to determine whether such traits were associated with SNPs in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) that we previously demonstrated were associated with PMDD. We observed 7/25 traits to be significantly different in patients and controls and further showed that 11/12 significant associations observed between these 7 traits and 16 ESR-1 SNPs involved the intron 4 SNPs previously shown to be the locus of the association with PMDD. While several interactions between genotype and diagnosis were observed, the effect of genotype in most instances was in the same direction in patients and controls. These data demonstrate affective state-independent personality traits that distinguish patients with PMDD from controls and further support the relevance of ESR-1 polymorphic variants in the regulation of non-reproductive behaviors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) associations with psychological traits in women with PMDD and controls

Miller

Vo²,

Huo³

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…In women, the increased metabolic demand of the luteal phase is associated with greater caloric intake, relative to that observed during the less metabolically demanding follicular phase (Allen, Hatsukami, Christianson, & Brown, 2000;Barr, Janelle, & Prior, 1995;Buffenstein, Poppitt, McDevitt, & Prentice, 1995;Christensen & Oei, 1989;Cross, Marley, Miles, & Willson, 2001;Johnson, Corrigan, Lemmon, Bergeron, & Crusco, 1994;Li, Tsang, & Lui, 1999;Verri et al, 1997). For instance, one study found that women consumed larger lunches during the luteal phase (810 calorie meal), relative to the follicular phase (638 calorie meal) (Evans et al, 1998).…”

Section: Altered Food Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory of Limited Metabolic Energy and Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: Increased Metabolic Demands during the Luteal Phase Divert Metabolic Resources from and Impair Self-Control

Gailliot

Hildebrandt

Eckel

et al. 2010

Review of General Psychology

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Numerous studies suggest that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be linked to impaired self-control since many of the symptoms of PMS are indicative of impaired self-control. Evidence links PMS to increased difficulty controlling emotions, attention, and fine motor movements; increased intake of alcohol, drugs, nicotine, caffeine, and food; impaired work performance, and increased stress, aggression, criminal behavior, interpersonal conflicts, and passivity. Empirical research demonstrates that self-control is metabolically expensive and, as such, can be impaired when metabolic energy (i.e., glucose) is low or processed ineffectively. The expression of PMS is tightly linked to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, a time in which considerable metabolic energy is allocated to the ovaries. This increased ovarian metabolic demand could, therefore, divert energy away from, and thereby impair, other processes during this phase of the menstrual cycle. Here, we propose a novel theory in which PMS symptoms are partly attributable to the diversion of metabolic energy to the ovaries and away from processes that benefit self-control.Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and related conditions including late luteal phase dysphoric disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and premenstrual tension are associated with negative physical (e.g., bloating) and mental symptoms (e.g., mood swings) that occur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (Ivey & Bardwick, 1968). Women who suffer from PMS often show unpleasant symptoms ranging from societal ills (e.g., crime) to reduced personal fulfillment (e.g., interpersonal problems). Although the symptomatology is well documented, the mechanism underlying PMS is poorly understood. Here, we propose a novel theory of PMS that is based on the observation that PMS symptoms occur during the most metabolically expensive phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., the luteal phase) and on the assumption that self-control depends on energy resources that may be atypically low during this phase of the cycle. Thus, it is possible that the increased metabolic demands of the body during the luteal phase may deplete the body's common energy stores and thereby impair self-control, insofar as self-control relies on the same energy and is often curtailed when energy has been depleted. This impaired selfcontrol may then contribute to the symptomatology of PMS.In support of our metabolic theory of PMS, we first review evidence that the use of metabolic energy is limited and that one set of biological processes can divert energy away from other processes. We then provide evidence that metabolic demands increase during the luteal phase and this, in a subset of women, hampers self-control due to an inadequate store of metabolic energy (i.e., glucose). Instead of asserting that the premenstrual phase gives rise to antisocial or unpleasant impulses, we suggest that the impulses remain about the same, but the weakening of self-control allows them greater than normal opportunity to be expressed overtly. Based on th...

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“…Die Symptomatologie,unterschieden nach Verhaltensveränderungen und körperli-chen Veränderungen, ist in ⊡ Abb.1 und 2 wiedergegeben.Sie basieren auf einer Vielzahl von Literaturangaben, die hier nur zum Teil zitiert werden können [12,18,20,23,32,36,38,40].Entscheidend für die Zuordnung der beschriebenen Symptome zum PMS ist die Symptomfreiheit nach der Menstruation über mindestens 10 Tage. Diese Symptomfreiheit sollte reproduzierbar über mindestens 2 Zyklen dokumentiert werden können.Bei Beginn des Auftretens der Symptome während der Follikelphase oder kurz nach Beginn der Regelblutung müssen eher bestimmte affektive Erkrankungen in Betracht gezogen werden,die dann in der Corpus-luteum-Phase eine PMS-artige Exazerbation zeigen.…”

Section: Symptomatologieunclassified

Pr�menstruelles Syndrom

Zahradnik

2004

Gyn�kologische Endokrinologie

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Vor 3 Jahren wurde von Frau Rapkin in dem Heft "Reproductive Medicine Review" unter dem provokanten Titel "Premenstrual Syndrome: Gynecology or Psychiatry?" in hervorragender Beweisführung das prämenstruelle Syndrom (PMS) als gynäkologisch-endokrinologische, zyklische Besonderheit definiert [32]. Diese Erkenntnis ist nicht neu. Bereits Hippokrates beschrieb die Symptomatologie des PMS. Schon in den 30er-Jahren wurde von Frank eine erste Klassifizierung eines Beschwerdekomplexes als PMS vorgenommen [31]. Anfang der 90er-Jahre wurde dann auch von Seiten der Psychiatrie der dysphorische Zustand in der späten Corpus-luteum-Phase beachtet, beschrieben, zugeordnet und schließlich 1994 als "Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder" (PMDD) bezeichnet. Diese zyklische Besonderheit wurde somit als Diagnose definiert und in den sog. DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for PMDD [3] festgelegt. Eine Annäherung bzw. Abgleichung mit gynäkologischen Besonderheiten wurde im ACOG-Bulletin 2000 vorgenommen [2]. Vorkommen Prämenstruelle psychische und physische Veränderungen treten bei 80% aller Frauen auf, ohne dass sie zwangsläufig dem PMS zugeordnet werden müssten. Leichte Formen des PMS findet man bei 20-30% aller Frauen. Ein PMS mit deutlicher Beeinträchtigung des Alltags -und somit auch der Definition eines PMDD [3] entsprechend -findet man bei 2,5-5% der Frauen. Bei 79% aller Frauen mit Leitthema H.-P. Zahradnik · Universitäts-Frauenklinik,Freiburg Prämenstruelles Syndrom Ein gynäkologisch-endokrinologisches Problem schwerem PMS wurde übereinstimmend auch die Diagnose eines PMDD gestellt [16, 17]. Das PMS kommt am häufigsten zwischen dem 20. und 40. Lebensjahr vor, es tritt definitionsgemäß nicht während der Schwangerschaft und nicht in der Postmenopause auf. > Das PMS tritt fast ausschließlich während einer Corpus-luteumPhase nach einer Ovulation auf Der Schweregrad eines PMS ist intraindividuell relativ konstant, interindividuell aber sehr variabel. Er wird sehr stark von rassisch/ethnischen und sozialen Faktoren, aber vor allem auch vom Alter bestimmt [36]. Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung eines PMS sind hormonelle Schwankungen im Verlauf eines Zyklus.Diese hormonellen Schwankungen müssen einer Sexualsteroidkonstellation in der Corpus-luteum-Phase entsprechen. Das PMS ist somit ein Beispiel dafür, dass Sexualsteroidschwankungen nicht nur somatische Veränderungen hervorrufen, sondern auch im Bereich Affektivität und Befindlichkeit Konsequenzen haben können.Das PMS tritt fast ausschließlich während einer Corpus-luteum-Phase nach einer (normalen?) Ovulation auf.Anovulatorische Zyklen verlaufen meistens ohne PMS [22] ebenso wie nach einer beidseitigen Ovarektomie nie mehr ein PMS auftritt [10],es sei denn,eine Östrogen-GestagenKombination im Sinne einer Hormonersatztherapie wird gegeben. Demgegenüber findet man sehr wohl nach einer Hysterektomie unter Belassung beider Ovarien Beschwerden wie beim PMS [5]. Die pharmakologische Unterdrückung der Ovarialfunktion durch GnRH-Analoga beseitigt ebenfalls sehr effektiv das Auftreten eines PMS [26] wob...

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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and eating disorders

Abstract: from the present study it seems clear that a certain degree of similarity exists between the PMDD and ED. However, whether or not these two disorders really share common ground from a physiopathological point of view still has to be clarified by more extensive studies.

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) associations with psychological traits in women with PMDD and controls

Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-1) associations with psychological traits in women with PMDD and controls

A Theory of Limited Metabolic Energy and Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: Increased Metabolic Demands during the Luteal Phase Divert Metabolic Resources from and Impair Self-Control

Pr�menstruelles Syndrom

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