Premenstrual Syndrome in Students of a Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is group of psychosomatic symptoms which occurs during second half of menstrual cycle. Significant number of reproductive aged females suffer from it with its impact on their daily activities. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, severity and impacts of Premenstrual syndrome on female students of a teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among female students of a teaching hospital from Kathmandu over a period of three months. Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool was used to quantify the symptoms severity and their effect in activities. In addition; patient profile, socioeconomic status were recorded. The obtained information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences and analyzed. Findings were then interpreted using chi-square test.Results: Out of the 285 respondents, 206 (72.3%) reported at least one premenstrual syndrome symptom of moderate to severe intensity among which 74 (25.9%) had at least one severe symptom. Six individuals (2.1%) fulfilled all criteria for Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder and 49 (17.2%) fulfilled the criteria for moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome and rest (80.7%) were having no or mild premenstrual syndrome with isolated symptoms. PMS was found to have significant association to menstrual bleeding (p?0.001) and severity of dysmenorrhea (p?0.001), family history of premenstrual syndrome (p=0.019) and physical activity (p=0.021). Conclusions: Premenstrual syndrome is common in female and has a considerable impact on day to day activities activities although its severe form Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder is less common.Keywords: Female students; Nepal; premenstrual syndrome.

Premenstrual disorders among young Turkish women: According to DSM‐IV and DSM‐V criteria using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool

“…In the PMDD category, a study in India and Nepal mostly reported anxiety/tension (100%), tearfulness (100%), and decreased interest in work (100%). 3,15 Another study showed mostly physical symptoms (91.4%), irritability (84.5%), and anxiety/tension (79.3%). 5 In a study in Iran, the most reported symptom in PMDD and moderate to severe PMS category was anger/irritability (99.2%; 88.7%).…”

“…[9][10][11] The incidence of PMS worldwide also varies from mild (70%-95%), moderate (20%-70%), and severe PMS/PMDD (1%-20%). 3,5,[12][13][14][15][16] A difficulty with PMS diagnosis is identifying whether patients need treatment. Different scales and methods for PMS diagnosis are used worldwide.…”

Prevalência da Síndrome Pré-Menstrual em mulheres em idade reprodutiva

“…Os autores relataram que a prevalência dos sintomas pré-menstruais foi superior a 90% nas últimas quatro semanas, sendo que destes, 60,8% tinham sintomas leves, cerca de 34,4% apresentou sintomatologia moderada e apenas 4,8% sintomas graves consideradas com TDPM. Shrestha et al (2019) realizaram um estudo prospectivo, entre 285 estudantes de um hospital universitário no Nepal e observaram que 72,3% relataram pelo menos um sintoma de SPM de intensidade moderada a grave, todas as estudantes estavam no ensino superior, em cursos da saúde, 92,6% eram de áreas urbanas e 80,7% tinham ciclos menstruais regulares, semelhante às características da amostra deste estudo.…”

“…Shrestha et al (2019) foram sintomas relatados por pelo menos 44,2% das 285 voluntárias pesquisadas. No âmbito do TDPM, Śliwerski e Bielawska-Batorowicz (2019) afirmaram que, cerca de 30 a 80% das mulheres que sofrem com essa forma mais grave da SPM, já tiveram pelo menos um episódio depressivo no passado.…”

Effect of exercise on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in low and middle-income countries: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A systematic review reported 30%-99.5% prevalence of PMS in Iran, 3 while a recent study in Nepal reported that 72% of university students had at least one symptom of PMS. 4 The common clinical and psychological symptoms of PMS include depression, mood fluctuations, nervousness, irritability, fatigue, overeating, weight gain, breast tenderness, muscle and joint pain, abdominal bloating, diarrhoea and performance reduction. [5][6][7] Most study findings show that 5%-8% of women have mild to severe symptoms while some studies estimate 20% of all fertile women experience clinically significant premenstrual complaints.…”