Premenstrual Syndrome

Severino, Sally K.; Moline, Margaret

doi:10.2165/00003495-199549010-00006

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Although the etiological basis underlying these sex differences is unknown, one should take into account hormone status. [20][21][22][23] Moreover, female predisposition to the asymptomatic form of MPS in the lower limbs has been confirmed. 24 Thus, one has to assume that nociplastic pain may result from the response to a prolonged LBLP or can develop due to mechanical posture overloading or muscle involvement during the acute phase of disc disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

<p>Female Overrepresentation in Low Back-Related Leg Pain: A Retrospective Study of the Autonomic Response to a Minimally Invasive Procedure</p>

Skorupska¹,

Jokiel²,

Rychlik³

et al. 2020

JPR

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Background The newly proposed low back pain treatment requires case classification according to the pain mechanism (nociceptive, neuropathic or nociplastic) to determine the most effective therapeutic approach. However, there is a lack of objective tools for distinguishing these pain mechanisms. The aim of the study was to identify which symptoms, signs, and standard diagnostic parameters would allow predicting the nociplastic pain (NP) subtype among low back leg pain (LBLP) patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of an LBLP case–control study database was carried out. The presence of NP was assumed if the patient presented with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and developed a short-term intensive vasodilatation reaction in the perceived lower leg pain area after provocation by a minimally invasive procedure. Clinical data and standard LBLP diagnostic parameters were analyzed to classify patients as NP (+) vs NP (-). Next, to predict NP probability, logistic regression analysis and a diagnostic classification tree were constructed. Results NP was confirmed in 43.75% of LBLP patients. Women represented 95.24% of all NP (+) patients. The diagnostic classification tree indicated that NP was highly probable if the LBLP subject was female and the result of a positive straight leg raise (SLR) test was lower than 45 degrees. If the SLR test result was greater than or equal to 45 degrees, a negative result on the Bragard test would have diagnostic value. This classification tree was approved to a certain extent in the logistic regression model (deviance residuals, min: −1.8519; 1Q: −0.5551; median: −0.1907; 3Q: 0.6565 and max: 2.1058) but should be verified in a larger group of subjects. Conclusion Female sex, but not clinical data or standard diagnostic parameters, is indicative of nociplastic pain in LBLP patients. More sophisticated statistical methods, based on directly measurable parameters, should be proposed to distinguish NP involvement in LBLP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

<p>Female Overrepresentation in Low Back-Related Leg Pain: A Retrospective Study of the Autonomic Response to a Minimally Invasive Procedure</p>

Skorupska¹,

Jokiel²,

Rychlik³

et al. 2020

JPR

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“…This is consistent with the findings of Fricton et al [ 2 ] and Drewes and Jennum [ 10 ], both of which found that MPS is more prevalent in female than male patients. This was attributed to the hormonal changes in women, whereby pain was reported to increase during the second week of the menstrual cycle [ 11 ]. More extensive research into this matter is warranted in order to establish the possible causal relationship between female gender and MPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Chronic Back Pain Patients

Chen

Nizar

2011

Korean J Pain

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BackgroundMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional musculoskeletal pain disorder that is caused by myofascial trigger points. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MPS among chronic back pain patients, as well as to identify risk factors and the outcome of this disorder.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study involving 126 patients who attended the Pain Management Unit for chronic back pain between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2009. Data examined included demographic features of patients, duration of back pain, muscle(s) involved, primary diagnosis, treatment modality and response to treatment.ResultsThe prevalence of MPS among chronic back pain patients was 63.5% (n = 80). Secondary MPS was more common than primary MPS, making up 81.3% of the total MPS. There was an association between female gender and risk of developing MPS (χ2 = 5.38, P = 0.02, O.R. = 2.4). Occupation, body mass index and duration of back pain were not significantly associated with MPS occurrence. Repeated measures analysis showed significant changes (P < 0.001) in Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Modified Oswestry Disability Score (MODS) with standard management during three consecutive visits at six-month intervals.ConclusionsMPS prevalence among chronic back pain patients was significantly high, with female gender being a significant risk factor. With proper diagnosis and expert management, MPS has a favourable outcome.

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“…According to SK Severino et al, some hormonal changes attributing to MPS in females and pain was reported to increase during second week of menstrual period. [22] Anette Kaergaard et al [23] assessed the occurrence of two restrictively defined neck-shoulder disorders among sewing machine operators among 243 patients where job involves monotonous, highly repetitive tasks performed in a sitting working posture with upper back curve and head bent over the sewing machine. Es Rachlin [24] said, occupational or recreational activities that produce repetitive stress on a specific muscle or muscle group commonly cause chronic stress in muscle fibres, leading to trigger points due to improper body mechanics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trigger Point Injection vs Ultrasonic Therapy vs Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rehabilitation of Cervical and Peri-Scapular Myofascial Pain Syndrome- A Randomized Clinical Trial

Mondal¹,

Biswas²,

Saha³

et al. 2019

jemds

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BACKGROUND Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a major cause of musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder neck region in modern era, originating from Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) in skeletal muscle, either alone or in combination with other pain generators. The objectives of this study were-1. to compare the efficacy and outcome of 3 different treatment modalities namely ultrasound therapy (UST), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and steroid mixed with local anaesthetics injection to trigger points, in the clinical outcome of MPS and 2. to propose steps for early rehabilitation after identifying area needing clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the Travell and Simon's criteria, 109 patients diagnosed to have MPS in the cervical and peri scapular region were recruited for this study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received ultrasound therapy (UST), group B received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and group C received depot form of steroid (Triamcinolone 20 mg) injection with local anaesthetics (lidocaine 2%) at trigger points (TPI). All patients also received therapeutic exercises (Stretching exercises of trapezius muscle, strain/ counter strain exercise of cervical and upper back), hot packs application and tablet amitriptyline (10 mg) daily at night for 6 weeks. They were followed up after initial visit, at 2nd week, 6th week, 12th week and at 24th week. Pain and result of the treatment were assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, number of trigger points, index of MTrPs and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire method. RESULTS Pain scores improved in the patients of all the 3 groups, in the early visits but gradually worsened in later visits. Group C showed significant improvement (p value <0.01) in the pain scores by VAS scale and other scores like number of trigger points, MTrP index score and neck disability index score as compared to group A and B. But no group could show significant improvement in outcome measures at long term follow up. CONCLUSION MPS can be effectively managed by TPI. UST and TENS are also approved methods of treatment, but their efficacy is not as remarkable as TPI. But the improvements were sustained for a short term only.

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Premenstrual Syndrome

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

<p>Female Overrepresentation in Low Back-Related Leg Pain: A Retrospective Study of the Autonomic Response to a Minimally Invasive Procedure</p>

<p>Female Overrepresentation in Low Back-Related Leg Pain: A Retrospective Study of the Autonomic Response to a Minimally Invasive Procedure</p>

Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Chronic Back Pain Patients

Effect of Trigger Point Injection vs Ultrasonic Therapy vs Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rehabilitation of Cervical and Peri-Scapular Myofascial Pain Syndrome- A Randomized Clinical Trial

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