Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Adler, Charles H.

doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.620192

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…13, 30–32 The current study revealed that BMI was not associated with PD, Prion, FTD, PSP, or CBD after adjusting for confounders such as age. Another hypothesis concerns the hyposmia often observed in prodromal stages of AD; however, early hyposmia is also present in other diseases such as PD, 33–36 which did not show any significant association with BMI. The absence of significant relationships between cardiovascular factors and other dementias may support that certain neuropathological features may be sufficient for the development of the dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Late-Life Cardiovascular Factors and Their Relation to Clinically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases

Dugger

Malek-Ahmadi

Monsell

et al. 2016

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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Studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular factors and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with minimal focus on other neurodegenerative diseases. Utilizing cross-sectional data from 17,532 individuals in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, Uniform Data Set, we compared presence of cardiovascular factors (body mass index-BMI, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) in individuals carrying a diagnosis of: Probable AD (ProbAD), Possible AD, VaD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, or corticobasal degeneration, to normal individuals. Generalized linear mixed models were fitted with age, gender, and cardiovascular factors as fixed effects and Alzheimer’s Disease Centers as random effects. In late life, only BMI of ProbAD and DLB subjects were statistically significantly lower than normals (p values < 0.001). When accounting for co-linearity within cardiovascular factors, low BMI was a comorbidity of certain dementia etiologies as compared to normals. These data support a concept of disease-specific associations with certain cardiovascular factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Late-Life Cardiovascular Factors and Their Relation to Clinically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases

Dugger

Malek-Ahmadi

Monsell

et al. 2016

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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“…As olfactory testing is inexpensive compared to the imaging modalities mentioned, an initial screen for hyposmia would appear to make fiscal sense. Identifying at-risk individuals is crucial for improving future symptomatic and disease-modifying treatment studies of PD [12] as well as leading to a better understanding of the neurodegenerative process of PD [1]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While olfactory dysfunction occurs during normal aging, there are strong data supporting olfactory dysfunction preceding the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), perhaps representing one of the earliest signs of the disease [1,2]. Some data suggest olfactory dysfunction precedes motor findings in PD by up to seven years and recent data also shows olfactory dysfunction is a biomarker in two other synucleinopathies, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) [3] and incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with idiopathic RBD clearly are at high risk for developing either PD or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and studies have shown RBD subjects have impaired olfaction and dopamine transporter uptake [3]. Hyposmia predating motor PD is also suggested by studies that have shown asymptomatic relatives of PD patients may have hyposmia as well as decreased dopamine transporter uptake on SPECT imaging and higher conversion rates to clinical parkinsonism versus normosmic relatives [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease

Driver‐Dunckley

Adler

Hentz

et al. 2014

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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Background Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is well-established and may represent one of the earliest signs of the disease. Objective & methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of olfactory dysfunction, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), to clinical and pathological parameters of clinicopathologically diagnosed PD (n = 10), incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) (n = 13), and identically assessed controls who lacked a neurodegenerative disease (n = 69). Results Mean UPSIT scores were significantly lower in PD (16.3, p < 0.001) and ILBD (22.2, p = 0.004) compared to controls (27.7). Using an UPSIT cutoff score of <22 (the 15th percentile) the sensitivity for detecting PD was 9/10 (90%) and ILBD 6/13 (46%), while the specificity was 86% (Controls with score of <22 = 10/69). Conclusions = These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that olfactory testing could be useful as a screening tool for identifying early, pre-motor PD.

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“…The evaluation of cognitive functions in the PD risk-group may be useful (Adler, 2011), but there are several factors that complicate the search for the cognitive profile of pre-diagnostic PD. First of all, PD itself has a heterogeneous cognitive profile (Svenningsson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Performance Patterns in Healthy Individuals with Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity and Early Parkinson’s Disease

Yılmaz

Gräber

Röeben

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Introduction: Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+) is a risk marker for Parkinson’s disease (PD) which can be detected before the diagnosis. In healthy individuals, SN+ has been associated with slight deficits in specific cognitive functions, suggesting cognitive impairment as a possible pre-diagnostic marker for PD. However, the pattern of cognitive deficits associated with SN+ has not yet been compared with those present in PD.Methods: Data of 262 healthy individuals with normal echogenicity (SN-) and 48 healthy individuals with SN+ were compared with 82 early stage PD patients using the “Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease” test battery. First, the test clusters (factors) were identified using a principal component analysis (PCA). Mean group performance of cognitive tests belonging to distinct factors, according to the PCA, and single subtest performances were compared using analyses of variance. Second, the number of individuals with abnormal cognitive performances (z-score < -1.0) were compared between groups.Results: Verbal memory, semantic and executive function, and praxis were identified as components of cognitive performances. The SN+ group performed significantly worse than the SN- group in tests assessing semantic and executive function, with a non-significant decrease in verbal memory. On the subtest level, individuals of the SN+ group scored significantly lower than the SN- group on the Boston Naming Test (BNT; p = 0.008). In all subtests, the percentages of PD patients with values below the cut-off for abnormal performance were higher than in the SN- group. Moreover, more individuals from the SN+ group scored below the cut-off in the BNT (SN- = 8.4%, SN+ = 20.8%, p = 0.01) and TMT-B (SN- = 6.9%, SN+ = 16.7%, p = 0.02), compared to the SN- group.Conclusion: This study confirms poorer performance of healthy individuals with SN+ compared to SN- in specific cognitive domains. However, against the SN- group, the cognitive profile of the SN+ group was not fully consistent with the profile of early PD patients. Our data argues that cognitive impairment associated with SN+ might differ slightly from that seen in early PD. Compensational mechanisms in the early phases of neurodegeneration, and the fact that only a subgroup of SN+ will develop PD, may partly explain these differences.

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Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 21 publications

References 77 publications

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Late-Life Cardiovascular Factors and Their Relation to Clinically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Late-Life Cardiovascular Factors and Their Relation to Clinically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases

Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease

Cognitive Performance Patterns in Healthy Individuals with Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity and Early Parkinson’s Disease

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