Prenatal 3‐dimensional sonographic and MRI findings in omphalocele–exstrophy–imperforate anus–spinal defects complex

Chen, Chih‐Ping; Chang, Tzu-Yang; Liu, Yu Peng; Tsai, Fuu Jen; Chien, Sheng Hsuan; Tsao, Chien Ming; Yang, Hsiao Bai; Wang, Wayseen

doi:10.1002/jcu.20404

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Bladder exstrophy was present in all fetuses ( table 1 ) and spinal defects in all but one fetus. In many reported cases of OEIS, no additional malformations have been described [15] . Malformations that are found more often prenatally represent limb defects [8,16,17] , renal malformations [8,18] , and single umbilical artery [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate Anus-Spinal Defects Complex: Associated Malformations in 12 New Cases

Mallmann¹,

Reutter²,

Müller

et al. 2016

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objective: The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare variant of the bladder exstrophy epispadias complex with in most cases unknown etiology. Due to the rarity of the disease, no large series exist that describe the prenatal spectrum of disease or additional malformations. Methods: In this study, we present the prenatal findings in a series of 12 cases. Results: All fetuses showed exstrophy of the bladder, 9/12 omphalocele, 9/12 anal atresia, 10/12 neural tube defects, 4/12 vertebral defects, 5/12 lower extremity defects including clubfeet, and 4/12 a single umbilical artery. Additional malformations included hydrocephalus, hypertelorism, aplasia of the gall bladder, heart defects and kidney malformations. All karyotyped fetuses (11/11) showed a normal karyotype. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the spectrum of disease in prenatal diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate Anus-Spinal Defects Complex: Associated Malformations in 12 New Cases

Mallmann¹,

Reutter²,

Müller

et al. 2016

Fetal Diagn Ther

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“…In the case of suspected bladder exstrophy, MRI may also further delineate associated abnormalities such as those found in cloacal anomalies and the OEIS complex (omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal abnormalities). 42,43 Bladder distension and wall thickening can be easily seen on US, but when associated with oligohydramnios, the etiology of the bladder outlet obstruction can be difficult to establish. Fetal MRI may be helpful to diagnose megacystis, microcolon, hypoperistalsis syndrome by demonstrating a microcolon on T1-weighted images.…”

Section: Renal and Suprarenal Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, fetal MRI may enhance information provided by fetal US related to abnormalities associated with OEIS, pentalogy of Cantrell (omphalocele, ectopia cordis, diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft, and cardiac defect), and others. 43,47 In rare cases of rupture of the omphalocele sac, differentiation from gastroschisis is difficult. Fetal MRI and three-dimensional (3D) US may be helpful to better characterize the defect.…”

Section: Abdominal Wall Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Fetal Imaging

Rubesova

Barth

2014

Amer J Perinatol

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While ultrasound (US) has been a part of prenatal care for almost 40 years, technical progress over the last two decades has resulted in improved image quality and detection rate of congenital anomalies. The past 15 years have also seen the expansion of three-dimensional (3D) US, providing enhancements over with 2D US, and more realistic images of babies to parents and providers. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was first performed over 30 years ago, and has undergone major technical improvement over the past 15 to 20 years. Fetal MRI complements US by providing better visualization in the fetus when US is limited such as in oligohydramnios or severe maternal obesity. It offers a larger field of view and better tissue contrast than US and is not limited by shadowing from osseous structures. However, MRI has a limited resolution compared with US, is less readily available, and more expensive. While indications for fetal MRI have been clearly established for some abnormalities, such as neurological anomalies, other indications especially for fetal body imaging are not as clearly defined. In this article, we discuss recent developments in fetal MRI and 3D US and their common and newest indications.

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