Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts

Iszatt, Nina; Stigum, Hein; Verner, Marc-André; White, Richard A.; Govarts, Eva; Murínová, Ľubica Palkovičová; Schoeters, Greet; Trnovec, T.; Legler, Juliette; Pelé, Fabienne; Botton, Jérémie; Chevrier, Cécile; Wittsiepe, Jürgen; Ranft, Ulrich; Vandentorren, Stéphanie; Kasper-Sonnenberg, Monika; Klümper, Claudia; Weisglas‐Kuperus, Nynke; Polder, Anuschka; Eggesbø, Merete

doi:10.1289/ehp.1308005

Cited by 114 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…25,26 The presence of these substances has been confirmed in both breast milk and infant formula. [27][28][29] Limited existing evidence suggests EDC exposure to be equal or slightly higher through infant formula than breast milk. 30 Soy-based formula should also be taken into consideration in further studies due to its estrogenic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding Duration and Anogenital Distance in 2-Year-Old Infants

Ortega-García¹,

Olano-Soler²,

Martínez-Álvarez³

et al. 2016

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Background: The anogenital distance (AGD) is an anthropometric marker determined by exposures to androgens in utero and throughout the first few months of life. Early exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates have been significantly associated with shortened AGD in boys. Limited studies have explored phthalate concentrations in breast milk and infant formula. Objective: To explore the associations between breastfeeding duration and AGD measures in infants. Materials and Methods: MALAMA (Medio Ambiente y Lactancia Materna) is a follow-up study of 430 motherchild pairs, from birth to 2 years, from two population-based cohorts in Murcia, Spain. Data were collected through medical visits and telephone surveys from birth to 2 years of age. World Health Organization breastfeeding definitions were used. AGD measurements were assessed in a subsample of 71 boys and 49 girls at the 2-year visit. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlations, and linear regressions were calculated between AGD and breastfeeding duration. Results: Duration of all types of breastfeeding, especially full breastfeeding (FB), is correlated with AGD measures in boys ( p < 0.05). AGD AS (anoscrotal distance) and AGD AP (anopenile distance) were positively associated with FB (b = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.001-0.007 and b = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.000-0.007, respectively). Conclusions: A positive correlation between AGD in male infants and the duration of breastfeeding is reported. Inversely, early introduction of infant formula could lead to the reduction of AGD in boys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding Duration and Anogenital Distance in 2-Year-Old Infants

Ortega-García¹,

Olano-Soler²,

Martínez-Álvarez³

et al. 2016

Breastfeeding Medicine

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“…[28,53,54] This OCP transport may occur within other ablating glaciers of Interior Alaska, raising the possibility that OCP concentration in the ecologically critical Yukon watershed is increasing with ongoing glacial melt. [9,62,[65][66][67][68] Thus, investigations into the reemergence and distribution of OCPs in Arctic glaciers should be prioritized. With the high fish consumption of many Arctic subsistence groups, [24] the risk of toxicity from OCP bioaccumulation is higher than other alpine regions.…”

Section: Implications For Arctic Populations and Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Miner¹,

Campbell²,

Gerbi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across glacial meltwater and ice core samples we utilize solid-phase extraction technology and identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α-HCH and ϒ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7-14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and possibly associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight Malaria in Asia, and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice of this remote glacier, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for bioaccumulation of OCPs, in humans or animals, of glacially distributed pollutants may increase as glacial melt continues.

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“…Identified toxicants were included in logistic and linear regression models to estimate associations with growth, adjusting for maternal age, smoking, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), ges-cants has been shown to alter growth patterns and later obesity outcomes by altering the endocrine and neuronal pathways [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Certain environmental toxicants have been linked to impaired fetal growth, impaired infant growth, and accelerated infant growth [3,4,10,11] , the latter of which is a risk factor for later obesity [12,13] .…”

Section: Breast Milk · Environmental Toxicants · β-Hexachlorocyclohexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using weight and height data at up to 5 time points between 0 and 6 months, we estimated the weight at exactly 6 months in a sexspecific multilevel (mixed) linear model fitted with cubic polynomials and random effects for infant [4] . We then calculated weightfor-age z -scores for birth and 6 months for the HUMIS population by sex to account for different growth patterns between male and female infants that are unrelated to toxicants, allowing for the outcome to be comparable between male and female infants [3] .…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk and Rapid Infant Growth

Criswell¹,

Lenters²,

Mandal³

et al. 2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: Many environmental toxicants are passed to infants in utero and through breast milk. Exposure to toxicants during the perinatal period can alter growth patterns, impairing growth or increasing obesity risk. Previous studies have focused on only a few toxicants at a time, which may confound results. We investigated levels of 26 toxicants in breast milk and their associations with rapid infant growth, a risk factor for later obesity. Methods: We used data from the Norwegian HUMIS study, a multi-center cohort of 2,606 mothers and newborns enrolled between 2002 and 2008. Milk samples collected 1 month after delivery from a subset of 789 women oversampled by overweight were analyzed for toxicants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, and pesticides. Growth was defined as change in weight-for-age z-score between 0 and 6 months among the HUMIS population, and rapid growth was defined as change in z-score above 0.67. We used a Bayesian variable selection method to determine the exposures that most explained variation in the outcome. Identified toxicants were included in logistic and linear regression models to estimate associations with growth, adjusting for maternal age, smoking, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, parity, child sex, cumulative breastfeeding, birth weight, gestational age, and preterm status. Results: Of 789 infants, 19.2% displayed rapid growth. The median maternal age was 29.6 years, and the median pre-pregnancy BMI was 24.0 kg/m², with 45.3% of mothers overweight or obese. Rapid growers were more likely to be firstborn. Hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and PCB-74 were identified in the variable selection method. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in β-HCH exposure was associated with a lower odds of rapid growth (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.94). Newborns exposed to high levels of β-HCH showed reduced infant growth (β = -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01 for IQR increase in breast milk concentration). No other significant associations were found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that early life β-HCH exposure may be linked to slowed growth. Further research is warranted on the potential mechanism behind this association and the longer-term metabolic effects of perinatal β-HCH exposure.

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Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts

Cited by 114 publications

References 44 publications

Breastfeeding Duration and Anogenital Distance in 2-Year-Old Infants

Breastfeeding Duration and Anogenital Distance in 2-Year-Old Infants

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Persistent Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk and Rapid Infant Growth

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