Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for infantile pneumonia in a representative birth cohort

Chen, C. H.; Wen, H. Joseph; Chen, Pei Chun; Lin, Shio Jean; Chiang, Tung Liang; Hsieh, I‐Chang; Guo, Yang

doi:10.1017/s0950268811001890

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The association between maternal obesity and respiratory infections has been examined in two previous large cohort studies. Our results are consistent with findings from a Taiwanese study that reported an increased risk of pneumonia during the first 6 months for children of mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 24 or higher 11. Additionally, a Norwegian study found an association between maternal obesity and lower respiratory infections during the first 18 months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study

2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study

2018

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“…A second limitation is the potential for non-random loss to follow-up. Low birth weight [31] and prematurity [32] have been consistently found to be associated with risk of pneumonia among children in general, but we found no association. It is possible that these factors contributed to mortality before the first study visit and exclusion from this analysis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Breastfeeding is associated with decreased pneumonia incidence among HIV-exposed, uninfected Kenyan infants

Ásbjörnsdóttir¹,

Slyker²,

Weiss³

et al. 2013

Aids

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Objective HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have higher infectious disease morbidity and mortality than unexposed infants. We determined the incidence and risk factors for pneumonia, a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide, in a cohort of HEU infants. Identifying predictors of pneumonia among HEU infants may enable early identification of those at highest risk. Design A retrospective cohort of HEU participating in a Kenyan perinatal HIV study, enrolled between 1999-2002. Methods Infants were followed monthly from birth to 12 months. Incidence of pneumonia diagnosed at monthly study visits, sick-child visits or by means of a verbal autopsy, was estimated with a 14-day window for new episodes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of first pneumonia occurrence. Results Among 388 HEU infants with 328 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of pneumonia was 900/1,000 child-years (95% CI: 800-1,000). Maternal HIV viral load at 32 weeks gestation [HR=1.2 (1.0-1.5) per log10 difference] and being underweight (weight-for-age Z-score <-2) at the previous visit [HR=1.8 (1.1-2.8)] were associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Breastfed infants had a 47% lower risk of pneumonia than those never breastfed [HR=0.53 (0.39-0.73)], independent of infant growth, maternal viral load and maternal CD4%. Breastfeeding was also associated with a 74% lower risk of pneumonia-related hospitalization (HR=0.26 (0.13-0.53)). Conclusions The incidence of pneumonia in this cohort of HEU infants was high. Our observations suggest that maternal viral suppression and breastfeeding may reduce the burden of pneumonia among HEU.

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“…A high incidence of pneumonia (0.27 episodes per child-year (95% CI 0.23–0.32)) was reported in infants in the Drakenstein Child Health study, an African birth cohort study; maternal smoking was strongly associated with pneumonia (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.45–3.82) [39]. Studies from Nepal and Indonesia confirm a similar risk [40,41], and in a large questionnaire-based study from Taiwan, prenatal ETS exposure or maternal smoking were significant risk factors for infantile pneumonia [42]. A Vietnamese study of almost 25,000 children less than 5 years of age found that household ETS exposure to be independently associated with hospitalization for pneumonia (adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25–1.92) [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

151

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Introduction: Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness.Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990–2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health.Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.

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Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for infantile pneumonia in a representative birth cohort

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study

Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study

Breastfeeding is associated with decreased pneumonia incidence among HIV-exposed, uninfected Kenyan infants

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

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