Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Comparison of 2‐Year‐Old Children in Parental and Nonparental Care

Brown, Josephine V.; Bakeman, Roger; Coles, Claire D.; Platzman, Kathleen A.; Lynch, Mary Ellen

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00739.x

Cited by 60 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Most investigators have also not found detrimental effects of PCE on infant motor development, as measured by the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) of the BSID or by the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales [2][3][4]12,13,21,34,36,41,43,[58][59][60]65,83]. By contrast, Singer et al [82] found that PCE was associated with lower PDI scores at about 17 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There have been consistent reports of no detrimental effects of PCE on global cognitive development during infancy, as measured by the Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID [9] and BSID-II [10]) [4,12,13,20,21,32,36,41,43,48,[58][59][60]65]. Only a few studies have reported detrimental effects on MDI scores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, Jacobson, Jacobson, and Sokol [42] found no effects of PCE on weight, length, or head circumference at 6½ months, and in the same study at 13 months, PCE was associated with increased weight. Brown et al [13], Chiriboga, Kuhn, and Wasserman [21], Fetters and Tronick [34], and Kilbride et al [48] also reported that there were no effects of PCE on growth during infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Richardson¹,

Goldschmidt²,

Willford³

2008

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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This study examined the effect of prenatal cocaine use on infant physical, cognitive, and motor development, and temperamental characteristics, controlling for other factors that affect infant development. Women were, on average, 26.8 years old, had 12 years of education, and 46% were African American. During the first trimester, 18% were frequent users of cocaine (≥ 1 line/day). The infants were, on average, 14.6 months old at this follow-up phase. Women who used cocaine during pregnancy rated their infants as more fussy/difficult and unadaptable than did women who did not use cocaine. Cocaine use in the second trimester was associated with significantly lower motor scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) [9]. There was no effect of prenatal cocaine use on BSID mental performance or on growth. These findings are consistent with other reports in the literature and with the hypothesis that prenatal cocaine exposure affects development through changes in neurotransmitter systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Richardson¹,

Goldschmidt²,

Willford³

2008

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…No such differences were found. Because of the possibility that there might be group differences in outcome measures between exposed infants in foster care and exposed infants still in the custody of their biological mother (e.g., Brown et al, 2004), we conducted analyses to see if there were differences in HR or RSA for infants whose primary caregiver was the biological mother (n = 143) as compared to infants who were in the care of someone other than the biological mother (n = 11). There were no group differences for HR or RSA measures.…”

Section: Group and Gender Differences For Rsa And Hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine and other substance exposure: Effects on infant autonomic regulation at 7 months of age

Schuetze

Eiden

Coles

2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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This study examined the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and autonomic regulation at 7 months of age. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were obtained from 154 (79 exposed, and 75 nonexposed) infants during baseline and tasks designed to elicit positive and negative affect. Cocaine-exposed infants had higher HR during the positive affect task. There was a significant suppression of RSA during the negative affect task for nonexposed infants but not for exposed infants. Fetal growth and maternal caregiving behavior did not mediate or moderate this association. These results provide additional support for an association between prenatal cocaine exposure and dysregulation during infancy.

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“…2 In contrast, others have found associations between PDE and behavior problems, 1,5 symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and ADHD, 6 aggression, 7 task persistence and attention problems, 8,9 and language performance. 10 The inconsistent findings may be partially attributed to methodological inconsistencies and to failure to control for confounders, ranging from prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure, [11][12][13][14] to parental and family variables, such as mental health, education, intelligence, and income. To ensure that variables contributing to children's functioning were identified and controlled, this investigation was guided by developmentalecological theory, 15 utilizing a bidirectional model whereby children are influenced by their proximal environment, including their family, peers, and schools, and in turn, impact their proximal environment through their behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's Cognitive-Behavioral Functioning at Age 6 and 7: Prenatal Drug Exposure and Caregiving Environment

Nair

Black

Ackerman

et al. 2008

Ambulatory Pediatrics

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Objectives-To examine how prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and the caregiving environment relate to cognitive, academic, and behavioral performance at ages 6 and 7.Methods-A longitudinal follow-up was conducted of 111 children with PDE and a community cohort (CC) of 62 non-drug-exposed children. Children completed standardized tests of cognition (Stanford-Binet IV, SB-IV) and academic performance (Wide Range Achievement Test-3, WRAT-3). Caregivers completed ratings of child behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL).Analysis-Multivariate analyses were conducted adjusting for gender, prenatal tobacco exposure, number of caregiver placement changes, and three caregiver variables assessed at age 7 including depressive symptoms, employment status, and public assistance status.Results-After adjusting for perinatal and environmental variables, there were no significant exposure group differences in cognition, academic performance, or behavior problems. In comparison with males, females had higher scores on overall IQ and 4 of 8 SB-IV subtests, fewer caregiver-reported attention and aggression problems, and higher reading achievement scores. There were no significant gender by group interactions.Conclusion-When analyses were adjusted for perinatal and environmental variables, most associations between PDE and cognitive-behavioral functioning were attenuated. Regardless of drug exposure history, males performed more poorly than females on multiple cognitive-behavioral indices. Both exposed and non-exposed children were from low-income families and obtained scores substantially below normative expectations, demonstrating the insidious effects of poverty on children's development. Keywordsprenatal drug exposure; school age children; gender; low-income Correspondence: Prasanna Nair, 737 West Lombard Street, Room 116, Baltimore Maryland, 21201, 410-706-5289 (phone), 410-706-0653 (fax), (pnair@peds.umaryland.edu). None of the authors has a conflict of interest.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Drug abuse among women of child-bearing age is a serious public health problem. Most of the research on the effects of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) has been conducted among young children; findings on performance during the school-age years have been mixed. Some investigators have found no associations between PDE and cognitive performance, 1,2 play behavior, 3 academic achievement, 2,4 attention, or teacher-rated classroom behavior. 2 In contrast, others have found associations between PDE and behavior problems, 1,5 symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and ADHD, 6...

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Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Comparison of 2‐Year‐Old Children in Parental and Nonparental Care

Cited by 60 publications

References 58 publications

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

Prenatal cocaine and other substance exposure: Effects on infant autonomic regulation at 7 months of age

Children's Cognitive-Behavioral Functioning at Age 6 and 7: Prenatal Drug Exposure and Caregiving Environment

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