Prenatal cocaine exposure effects on arousal-modulated attention during the neonatal period

Karmel, Bernard Z.; Gardner, Judith M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199607)29:5<463::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 92 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The present study, however, excludes children of HIV-infected mothers. The lack of association between cocaine exposure and developmental scores found in this study has mirrored that found in other studies involving toddlers (8;13;45;46) and older children (9;12) Behaviorally, cocaine-exposed infants have been described as exhibiting excessive irritability (14) and changes in both arousal modulation (15) and impulse control (21). The orientation behaviors tapped by the BRS are consistent with these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Cocaine-exposed (15)infants exhibit a preference for higher rates of stimuli (15) excessive irritability (14) and dose-related perturbations in orientation and state regulation (16). Exposed toddlers and grade school children show differences in task persistence and sustained attention (17)(18)(19)(20), problems with impulse control (21), temperamental differences (22), and aggressive/hyperactive behaviors (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal cocaine exposures and dose-related cocaine effects on infant tone and behavior

Chiriboga

Kuhn

Wasserman

2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine exposures and dose-related cocaine effects on infant tone and behavior

Chiriboga

Kuhn

Wasserman

2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…The fact that more heavily exposed infants could not sustain a positive play interaction and could not recover from the apparent negative affect that developed when their mothers turned away, despite equally sensitive and stimulating caregivers, suggests that prenatal exposure to cocaine may have a specific impact on an infant' s capacity for self-regulation. These findings are consistent with those reported by others in the newborn and early infancy periods (Chasnoff et al, 1989;DiPietro, Suess, Wheeler, Smouse, & Newlin, 1995;Gottwald & Thurman, 1994;Karmel & Gardner, 1996;Phillips et al, 1996;Schutter & Brinker, 1992;Zuckerman, 1985). However, this study could not rule out the possibility that under normal circumstances outside of the laboratory, mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy may be less consistent in their interactive behavior than the other mothers in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal modulation in cocaine-exposed infants.

Bendersky¹,

Lewis²

1998

Developmental Psychology

109

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The ability to modulate arousal is a critical skill with wide-ranging implications for development. In this study, the authors examined arousal regulation as a function of levels of prenatal cocaine exposure in 107 infants at 4 months of age using a "still-face" procedure. Facial expressions were coded. A greater percentage of heavily cocaine-exposed infants, compared with those who were unexposed to cocaine, showed less enjoyment during en face play with their mothers and continued to show negative expressions during the resumption of play following a period when the interaction was interrupted. This finding was independent of other substance exposure, neonatal medical condition, environmental risk, maternal contingent responsivity, and concurrent maternal sensitivity and vocalizations.

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“…Sustained attention to a novel stimulus includes the active intake of information and alteration of arousal responses , suggesting that deficits in the modulation or activation of arousal processes can influence attentional processes (Pribram & McGuiness, 1975;Ruff, 1988). The dopaminergic system, a key system affected by cocaine, is also implicated in arousal regulation (Coles & Robbins, 1989) and some reports of cocaine-exposed infants have identified their arousal mechanisms and attentional organization as inadequate (Karmel & Gardner, 1996;Singer et al, 1994).A basic measure of visual perception and attention is operationalized through the tendency of the infant to fixate on some stimuli more than others (Fantz, 1956). Evidence of visual perception and discrimination is well documented in neonates (Fantz, 1961;Hershenson, 1964) and three-week-old infants (Brennan, Ames, & Moore, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Neonatal visual information processing in cocaine-exposed and non-exposed infants

Singer

Arendt

Fagan

et al. 1999

Infant Behavior and Development

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This study investigated early neonatal visual preferences in 267 poly drug exposed neonates (131 cocaine-exposed and 136 non-cocaine exposed) whose drug exposure was documented through interviews and urine and meconium drug screens. Infants were given four visual recognition memory tasks comparing looking time to familiarized stimuli of lattices and rectangular shapes to novel stimuli of a schematic face and curved hourglass and bull's eye forms. Cocaine-exposed infants performed more poorly, after consideration of confounding factors, with a relationship of severity of cocaine exposure to lower novelty score found for both self-report and biologic measures of exposure, Findings support theories which link prenatal cocaine exposure to deficits in information processing entailing attentional and arousal organizational systems. Neonatal visual discrimination and attention tasks should be further explored as potentially sensitive behavioral indicators of teratologic effects. Keywordscocaine; neonatal visual attention; information processing; marijuana; alcohol poly drug exposure; visual recognition memory Over the past decade, prenatal cocaine exposure has emerged as a significant public health problem, affecting 5-15% of infants in urban areas of the United States. There is concern and controversy over cocaine's teratogenic potential since cocaine easily crosses the placental barrier during gestation (Woods, Plessinger, & Clark, 1987). This transmission of cocaine may directly and indirectly affect the fetus. Cocaine's stimulant effects on several neurotransmitter systems in adults have been noted (Wise, 1984), as cocaine prevents the reuptake of catecholamine presynaptically and has been found to affect primarily the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems.There are a number of different mechanisms by which prenatal cocaine exposure could affect fetal development (Volpe, 1992). Alterations in catecholamine levels during gestation may affect the maturation of fetal neurotransmitter systems (Tennyson, Gershon, Budinkas, Copyright © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.• Lynn T. Singer, The Triangle Building, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 250-A, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Phone: (216) Fax: (216) & Rothman, 1983;Wang & Schnoll, 1986). Animal studies have found that prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with increased catecholaminergic fiber densities in selected brain areas such as the posterior parietal cortex (Akbari & Azmitra, 1992;Posner & Peterson, 1988). Cocaine exposure may affect fetal brain development through its release and metabolism of monoamines, which are important in the definition of fetal brain structure and neuronal formation . In addition, the reduction of blood flow prenatally to cocaine-exposed fetuses may affect later infant information processing or problem solving .The early behavioral development of cocaine-exposed infants has been studied using measures of sensory-motor processing such as the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), (Brazelton, 1984) neonatall...

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Prenatal cocaine exposure effects on arousal-modulated attention during the neonatal period

Cited by 92 publications

References 46 publications

Prenatal cocaine exposures and dose-related cocaine effects on infant tone and behavior

Prenatal cocaine exposures and dose-related cocaine effects on infant tone and behavior

Arousal modulation in cocaine-exposed infants.

Neonatal visual information processing in cocaine-exposed and non-exposed infants

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