Prenatal depiction of the angioarchitecture of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen with three‐dimensional colour power angiography

Three‐dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetal central nervous system

“…Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound examination has been used to evaluate the fetal central nervous system (CNS)1–16. Different approaches have been suggested that may be employed in both basic and dedicated examinations.…”

Prenatal Diagnosis of an Intracranial Arteriovenous Fistula in the Posterior Fossa on the Basis of Color and Three-dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasonography

“…Additional associated findings were typically signs of high cardiac output due to the AV fistula and included dilated neck vessels, cardiomegaly, valve regurgitation, and, in some cases, polyhydramnios. 1,14,15 The case we report here was an intracranial AV fistula in a fetus not involving the vein of Galen and not showing abnormal intracranial anatomic features on twodimensional ultrasonography; therefore, it was Gagel et al…”

“…Previously we reported on such comparable findings between 3D PDU and angiography in a case of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. 14 The method allows a three-dimensional reconstruction of spatial vessels shown only partly on twodimensional color or power Doppler imaging and can be used accurately in the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities involving the vascular system. 11,12 This report supports that observation and suggests that 3D PDU should be applied to every anomaly involving the vascular system for better spatial understanding of the lesion.…”

Arteriovenous malformation of vein of Galen as a rare non‐hypoxic cause of changes in fetal heart rate pattern during labor

“…This abnormal finding should be confirmed by other imaging modalities (e.g. Doppler US, 3D CFM, magnetic resonance imaging) before birth . AVM of the vein of Galen, as a vascular shunt, affects cardiac morphology and function as a result of cardiac overload.…”