Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of congenital spinal anomalies: Review for prenatal counseling

Upasani, Vidyadhar V.; Ketwaroo, Pamela D.; Estroff, Judy A.; Warf, Benjamin C.; Emans, John B.; Glotzbecker, Michael P.

doi:10.5312/wjo.v7.i7.406

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Motion artifacts, which can considerably reduce the quality of MRI in young children, play a minor role during the real-time ultrasound. The diagnostic value of spinal ultrasonography is nearly similar to MRI for diagnosis of main spinal anomalies in infants [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diagnostic value of spinal ultrasound compared to MRI for diagnosis of spinal anomalies in pediatrics

Tawfik

Ahmed

El-Shafei

et al. 2020

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background: Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a spectrum of congenital disorders. MRI is the gold standard technique for diagnosis of SD. Spinal ultrasonography (USG) can be used as a screening tool for SD in infants. The purpose of our study is to assess the diagnostic value of spinal USG in the diagnosis of spinal dysraphism in pediatrics compared to MRI as a gold standard technique. Our prospective, cross-sectional study involved 45 infants and children with suspected spinal dysraphism. All patients were subjected to supervision of their medical history, full neurological examination, spinal ultrasonography and anatomical spine assessment by conventional MRI examination including sagittal and axial T1W & T2W, sagittal & coronal STIR imaging. Comparison of spinal USG with MRI findings was done. Results: There is excellent overall agreement between MRI and ultrasound diagnosis in the evaluation of spinal cord morphology and bony elements in patients aged ≤ 2 years old (κ = 0.96 and 0.98) respectively, and fair overall agreement between MRI and ultrasound diagnosis (κ = 0.58) in patients aged > 2 years old. The accuracy of spinal USG in diagnosis of spinal dysraphism in patients aged ≤ 2 years old was as the following: specificity (94.5-100%), sensitivity (84.3100%), PPV (86.7-100%) and NPV (85.7-100%), as compared to MRI. Conclusion: Spinal ultrasound can be used as a first-line screening investigation for SD; patients with USG abnormalities proceed to MRI. Spinal ultrasound is of no worthy value after the age of bone ossification, and MRI is the best modality of diagnosis in older pediatrics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diagnostic value of spinal ultrasound compared to MRI for diagnosis of spinal anomalies in pediatrics

Tawfik

Ahmed

El-Shafei

et al. 2020

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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“…[ 35 ] These vertebral abnormalities can be diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound from the 12 th week of gestation or by magnetic resonance imaging. [ 36 ] According to several authors,[ 33 37 38 ] these congenital scoliosis are associated in 15%–43% of cases with intraspinal abnormalities that we have not looked for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Characteristics of Scoliosis in Children in a Single Tertiary Centre in Abidjan

Yaokreh¹,

Kouamé²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

African Journal of Paediatric Surgery

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Introduction: Scoliosis is the most frequent spine deformity in children. Epidemiological data are available in Western countries due to the systematic screening policies implemented at school. Unfortunately, in our country, there are neither national data nor screening policy for scoliosis. Are the epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics of scoliosis in our practice similar to the data in the literature? Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 106 medical records of patients under 19 years old between 2010 and 2019 at the 'Vivre Debout' Centre for structural scoliosis confirmed by spine X-ray with a Cobb angle ≥10°. The epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics were noted. The data were treated with Excel 2010. Results: The mean frequency of scoliosis was 10 cases/year. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1:1.3. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.2 ± 2.13 years. There was a family history of scoliosis in two cases (1.8%). Twenty-four girls (39.3%) out of 61 had had menarche at the time of diagnosis. The mean time from noticing deformity to consultation was 17.9 ± 21.9 months. Lateral deviation of the spine ( n = 77; 72.6%), hump ( n = 12; 11.3%) and pain ( n = 3; 2.8%) were the main complaints for consultation. In 14 cases (13.2%), the discovery was fortuitous during a medical examination for another complaint. The curvature was single in 88 cases (83%) and double in 18 (17%). The convexity was right in 69 cases (65.1%) and left in 37 (34.9%). Curvatures were thoracic ( n = 57; 53.8%), lumbar ( n = 10; 9.4%) and thoracolumbar ( n = 39; 36.8%). The average Cobb angle was 35.2° ±10.71° (range: 11°–90°). Curvatures were moderate (20°–40°) in 49 cases (46.2) and severe (>40°) in 18 (17%). The aetiologies were predominated by idiopathic causes ( n = 79; 74.5%), followed by congenital ( n = 16; 15.1%) and neuromuscular ( n = 11; 10.4%) causes. Conclusion: Scoliosis is uncommon in our practice. It is characterised by single curvature. The predominance of moderate and severe curvatures was due to delayed consultation.

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“…On USG, DM presents as an echogenic structure extending from the posterior elements to the posterior aspect of a vertebral body and widening of spinal canal in coronal plane may be seen. 6 Prior to radiological advancements like MRI, myelography and post myelogram CT, plain radiographs were used. Plain radiography poorly estimates DM, but it helps to detect associated vertebral segmental anomalies like congenital scoliosis which occurs in 79% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diastematomyelia differences in management of diastemetomyelia with associated abnormalities versus isolated diastemetomyelia: a case series

Raani¹,

Rao²,

Balu³

et al. 2020

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Diastematomyelia (DM), also known as split cord malformation (SCM) is a type of spinal dysraphism. It is a very rare congenital spinal anomaly characterized by clefting of the spinal cord due to a partial or complete bony or fibrous septum within the spinal canal with splaying of the posterior spinal elements resulting in localized division of the spinal cord into two parts on either side of the septum which typically reunite below the cleft. The pathology was first described by Cruvelhier in 1853. About 1-3 per 1000 live birth, is the estimated incidence of spinal dysraphism and neural tube defects (NTD) occurs more commonly in females (55-70%). Prenatal diagnosis of DM is possible by ultrasonography (USG). The clinical significance of DM is that it may manifest as an isolated abnormality or in association with other spinal abnormalities such as spina bifida, Arnold-Chiari malformation, hemivertebra, butterfly vertebra, kyphoscoliosis or part of Jarcho-Levin syndrome. The management of pregnancy with a foetus diagnosed with DM antenatally, differs based on whether the foetus has an isolated DM with intact skin or DM with more serious associated anomalies. We present two cases of Foetal DM both diagnosed by antenatal USG, Case 1 was diagnosed at 16 weeks gestation age (GA) with DM associated with Type II Arnold-Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus and case 2 was diagnosed with isolated DM at 19 weeks 2 days GA.

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Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of congenital spinal anomalies: Review for prenatal counseling

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Diagnostic value of spinal ultrasound compared to MRI for diagnosis of spinal anomalies in pediatrics

Diagnostic value of spinal ultrasound compared to MRI for diagnosis of spinal anomalies in pediatrics

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Characteristics of Scoliosis in Children in a Single Tertiary Centre in Abidjan

Diastematomyelia differences in management of diastemetomyelia with associated abnormalities versus isolated diastemetomyelia: a case series

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