Prenatal diagnosis of fetal acrania using three-dimensional ultrasound

Liu, I. Feng; Chang, Chiung-Hsin; Yu, Chen-Hsiang; Cheng, Ya-Yun; Chang, Feng-Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.10.005

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results were in concordant with the study of Liu et al, (2005) which revealed that there is improved capability of 3D US to view the corpus callosum and the intracranial midline structures when compared with 2D US and 3D US visualized these structures in 78.1% of examinations; while 2D US visualized them in 3.1% of examinations. 18 Our study revealed that the 3D US take the upper hand than 2D US in identifying small neurological malformations as choroid plexus cyst and Spina bifida.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Study between the Role of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Ultrasound in Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System Congenital Anomalies

Hassan

Seddik

Awad

2021

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

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Background: Three dimensional ultrasound (3D US) has become the new standard in prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies. This technique enables detailed examination of the fetal anatomy and higher quality depiction of congenital anomalies. Furthermore, four dimensional ultrasound (4D US) enables visualization of more details regarding the dynamics of small anatomical structures. Using the advantages of this technology, a physiologic pattern of embryonic or fetal motor development was made.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of three dimensional (3D) ultrasound compared with two dimensional (2D) ultrasound in diagnosis of fetal central nervous system congenital malformations. Patients and Methods: This Prospective study was performed on total 100 patients with gestational age from 18 weeks to 24 weeks who underwent 2D ultrasound then examined by 3D ultrasound at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Bab el-Sheria, Al-Azhar University Hospital. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the most common neurological malformations detected were Holoprosencephaly and Anencephaly which had significant high agreement between 2D and 3D regarding their diagnosis. There was significant agreement between 2D and 3D regarding the congenital fetal spinal and cranial malformations. The 2D and 3D ultrasound provided equal diagnostic information in microcephaly while 3D US provided more diagnostic information than 2D US for Choroid plexus cyst, agenesis of the corpus callosum and spina bifida. Conclusion:In comparison with 2D US, 3D US improves the diagnostic capability by illustrating more diagnostic details in evaluation of malformations of the fetus, especially in visualization of fetal malformations of the small cranial anomalies and spina bifida.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Study between the Role of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Ultrasound in Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System Congenital Anomalies

Hassan

Seddik

Awad

2021

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

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“…In conclusion, it was found that US 3D can contribute to the early detection of fetal acrania. Through 3D reconstruction, it enables innovative visualization of fetal defects, which helps make an early diagnosis [ 39 ]. The authors of this publication came to a similar conclusion by using US 3D in some cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the “beret” sign and other markers in ultrasound diagnostic of the acrania–exencephaly–anencephaly sequence stages

Szkodziak

Krzyżanowski

et al. 2020

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Introduction Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of heterogeneous congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). Acrania is a non-NTD congenital disorder related to the CNS. It can transform into anencephaly through the acrania–exencephaly–anencephaly sequence (AEAS). In AEAS, the cerebral tissue is not protected and is gradually destroyed due to exposure to the harmful effect of amniotic fluid and mechanical injuries. These lead to exencephaly and then into anencephaly. In contrast to primary anencephaly (NTDs), this type of anencephaly authors suggests calling secondary anencephaly. Objective Analysis of the known prenatal ultrasonography (US) signs associated with AEAS. Simultaneously, the authors propose a new sign in the differentiation of acrania from exencephaly and anencephaly, called the “beret” sign. Methods It is a two-centre retrospective observational study. As part of the study, 4060 US scans were analyzed. Results In 10 cases, the absence of calvarium was diagnosed, allowing recognition of either AEAS stages or primary anencephaly. In 5 cases, cerebral structures were enclosed by an inertial rippled thin membrane, with a smooth outer contour. Between the described membrane and the brain structures, a thin anechoic space corresponding to cerebrospinal fluid was observed. This sign was defined as the “beret” sign. In these cases, acrania was diagnosed. In three cases calvarium was missing. The brain structures had an irregular appearance, did not wave and remained motionless. The outer contour was unequal as if divided into lobes. Amniotic fluid was anechoic. Exencephaly was diagnosed in these cases. In two cases calvarium, brain structures, and meninges were missing. The “frog eyes” sign and slightly echogenic amniotic fluid were visible. In this case, anencephaly was diagnosed. Conclusions The “beret” sign seems to be a promising tool in the diagnosis of acrania. Furthermore, echogenicity of amniotic fluid could be useful during differentiation between primary and secondary anencephaly.

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“…They concluded that 3DUS may aid the identification of fetal skull abnormalities, such ascraniosynosthosis. 3DUS was also reported by Liu et al 179 as an important diagnostic tool in detecting acrania, although in their study they did not make a comparison with 2DUS. Recently, the clinical application of 3DUS fetal skull examination was reported by Faro and colleagues in normal fetuses and fetuses affected by trisomy 21 and holoprosencephaly.…”

Section: Skeleton Skull and Spinementioning

confidence: 77%

Three Dimensional Ultrasound: An Overview of Its Clinical Use

Deurloo

Kist

Vugt

2007

Fet. Mat. Med. Rev.

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Although three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) was already being used in the early 1980's 1-3 and the first commercially available three-dimensional scanner was presented in 1989 in Paris at the International Radiology Congress 4 , it has only been in the recent decade that the technology has found its way into clinical applications. This rapid development is mainly due to the equally rapid development of computer processor technology, essential for three-dimensional ultrasound. Originally used as a tool for creating a surface mode showing the face of the fetus and gender abnormalities, its application has become much broader nowadays. The technique is now becoming ever more important in obstetrics and gynecology, but also in many other fields such as cardiology, surgical applications and urology. Three-dimensional ultrasound is an easy, quick and cheap imaging technique without any known adverse effects on the mother or developing fetus as has been stated by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). In addition, it has been reported by numerous authors to be very accurate in assessing volumes 5-9 . Recently, it has been suggested that both two-and three-dimensional ultrasound, especially in the 1st and 2nd trimester, are of positive influence in initiating the bonding between mother and infant 10 .Although the technique of 3DUS is relatively recent, its clinical importance has already been established in prenatal diagnosis and is likely to continue to increase. This review will provide an overview of the current applications of 3DUS in prenatal diagnosis. The applications will be discussed by subject. The fetal heart is briefly mentioned, since clinical applications of 3DUS studies of the heart are sparse and the new four dimensional ultrasound technologies, such as STIC (spatial temporal correlated imaging) are beyond the subject of this review. GESTATIONAL SACThe gestational sac (GS) is regarded as a reflection of the early uteroplacental unit function and 3DUS volumetry is suggested to have some predictive value for adverse

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Prenatal diagnosis of fetal acrania using three-dimensional ultrasound

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Comparative Study between the Role of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Ultrasound in Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System Congenital Anomalies

Comparative Study between the Role of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Ultrasound in Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System Congenital Anomalies

The role of the “beret” sign and other markers in ultrasound diagnostic of the acrania–exencephaly–anencephaly sequence stages

Three Dimensional Ultrasound: An Overview of Its Clinical Use

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