“…HSG will show a normal endometrial cavity and 3D-US and especially MR allow the right diagnosis. Anomalies of the cloaca and urogenital sinus (including congenital vagino-vesical fistulas) : This category includes cases as simple as the imperforate hymen due to a persistent urogenital membrane together with blind hemibladder [ 54 ], bladder duplication [ 55 , 56 ], bilateral single system ectopic ureters opening into the vestibule or a vaginalised urogenital sinus with bladder agenesis or hypoplastic bladder [ 57 – 59 ] or congenital vesico-vaginal or vesico-uterine fistulas (pseudofistula with menuria [ 60 , 61 ]) and cloacal exstrophy [ 62 , 63 ] (Fig. 8 ).…”
Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 ). Diagnosis can be made with the physical examination together with TRU, IVP (eventually, retrograde pyelogram), cystouretroscopy, cystography, CT, and specially MR, or abdominal US for prenatal diagnosis [ 56 , 64 ]. Fig.…”
To help physicians and radiologists in the diagnosis of female genito-urinary malformations, especially of complex cases, the embryology of the female genital tract, the basis for Müllerian development anomalies, the current classifications for such anomalies and the comparison for inclusion and cataloguing of female genital malformations are briefly reviewed. The use of the embryological system to catalogue female genito-urinary malformations may ultimately be more useful in correlations with clinical presentations and in helping with the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic imaging of the different genito-urinary anomalies are exposed, placing particular emphasis on the anomalies within group II of the embryological and clinical classification (distal mesonephric anomalies), all of them associated with unilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia. Similarly, emphasis is placed on cases of cervico-vaginal agenesis, cavitated noncommunicated uterine horns, and cloacal and urogenital sinus anomalies and malformative combinations, all of them complex malformations. Diagnostic imaging for all these anomalies is essential. The best imaging tools and when to evaluate for other anomalies are also analysed in this review.Teaching points• The appropriate cataloguing of female genital malformations is controversial.• An embryological classification system suggests the best diagnosis and appropriate management.• The anomalies most frequently diagnosed incorrectly are the distal mesonephric anomalies (DMAs).• DMAs are associated with unilateral renal agenesis or renal dysplasia with ectopic ureter.• We analyse other complex malformations. Diagnostic imaging for these anomalies is essential.
“…HSG will show a normal endometrial cavity and 3D-US and especially MR allow the right diagnosis. Anomalies of the cloaca and urogenital sinus (including congenital vagino-vesical fistulas) : This category includes cases as simple as the imperforate hymen due to a persistent urogenital membrane together with blind hemibladder [ 54 ], bladder duplication [ 55 , 56 ], bilateral single system ectopic ureters opening into the vestibule or a vaginalised urogenital sinus with bladder agenesis or hypoplastic bladder [ 57 – 59 ] or congenital vesico-vaginal or vesico-uterine fistulas (pseudofistula with menuria [ 60 , 61 ]) and cloacal exstrophy [ 62 , 63 ] (Fig. 8 ).…”
Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 ). Diagnosis can be made with the physical examination together with TRU, IVP (eventually, retrograde pyelogram), cystouretroscopy, cystography, CT, and specially MR, or abdominal US for prenatal diagnosis [ 56 , 64 ]. Fig.…”
To help physicians and radiologists in the diagnosis of female genito-urinary malformations, especially of complex cases, the embryology of the female genital tract, the basis for Müllerian development anomalies, the current classifications for such anomalies and the comparison for inclusion and cataloguing of female genital malformations are briefly reviewed. The use of the embryological system to catalogue female genito-urinary malformations may ultimately be more useful in correlations with clinical presentations and in helping with the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic imaging of the different genito-urinary anomalies are exposed, placing particular emphasis on the anomalies within group II of the embryological and clinical classification (distal mesonephric anomalies), all of them associated with unilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia. Similarly, emphasis is placed on cases of cervico-vaginal agenesis, cavitated noncommunicated uterine horns, and cloacal and urogenital sinus anomalies and malformative combinations, all of them complex malformations. Diagnostic imaging for all these anomalies is essential. The best imaging tools and when to evaluate for other anomalies are also analysed in this review.Teaching points• The appropriate cataloguing of female genital malformations is controversial.• An embryological classification system suggests the best diagnosis and appropriate management.• The anomalies most frequently diagnosed incorrectly are the distal mesonephric anomalies (DMAs).• DMAs are associated with unilateral renal agenesis or renal dysplasia with ectopic ureter.• We analyse other complex malformations. Diagnostic imaging for these anomalies is essential.
“…Various surgical treatment options have been reported, including excision of the duplicated bladder and associated structures, 2 or transurethral septostomy. 6 The present case was unique in that a ureterocele was suspected based on preoperative imaging findings, and it was difficult to differentiate ureterocele from ISSB. A ureterocele is defined as a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter within the bladder, urethra, or both, 4 and it usually affects the upper moiety of a complete pyeloureteral duplication.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Indications and methods of treatment for BD and related anomalies depend on the patient's symptoms and associated disorders; therefore, these need to be individualized for each case. Various surgical treatment options have been reported, including excision of the duplicated bladder and associated structures, 2 or transurethral septostomy 6 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various surgical treatment options have been reported, including excision of the duplicated bladder and associated structures, 2 or transurethral septostomy. 6 …”
Introduction
Incomplete sagittal septum of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare congenital anomaly and one of the variations in bladder duplication. Herein, we report a case of incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder with cystolithiasis.
Case presentation
A 20‐year‐old man was referred to our department for examination and treatment of symptomatic cystolithiasis and a suspected giant ureterocele on the left side. Cystoscopy and urography performed under general anesthesia revealed anatomical structures suggestive of the sagittal septum of the bladder. Subsequently, transurethral septostomy and cystolithotripsy were performed. The detrusor muscle was microscopically identified, leading to the diagnosis of an incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder.
Conclusion
Although extremely rare, an incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder may be difficult to differentiate from a ureterocele, and should be considered when a large cystic lesion is found in the bladder.
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