Prenatal diagnosis of single umbilical artery by ultrasound

Volumetric umbilical artery blood flow: comparison of the normal versus the single umbilical artery cord

“…Ultrasound permits the antenatal diagnosis of a SUA. This was initially performed with gray scale 22 and later, with improved accuracy, with the addition of color Doppler 23,24 . Transverse or longitudinal views of the cord may demonstrate the SUA, but it was the identification of the course of the umbilical arteries around the bladder that confirmed the diagnosis 3,6,25,26 .…”

Isolated Single Umbilical Artery and Fetal Echocardiography: A 25‐Year Experience at a Tertiary Care City Hospital

“…The umbilical cord normally contains 2 arteries and 1 vein. The normal cord is identified on sonography by obtaining a cross‐sectional view of a free portion of cord or by using color or power Doppler imaging to assess the umbilical arteries as they course on either side of the fetal bladder . A single umbilical artery, also known as a 2‐vessel cord, is the most common anatomic abnormality of the umbilical cord and it is found in 0.2% to 1.6% of euploid fetuses and in 9% to 11% of aneuploid fetuses undergoing sonographic evaluations .…”

“…The normal cord is identified on sonography by obtaining a cross-sectional view of a free portion of cord or by using color or power Doppler imaging to assess the umbilical arteries as they course on either side of the fetal bladder. [1][2][3] A single umbilical artery, also known as a 2-vessel cord, is the most common anatomic abnormality of the umbilical cord and it is found in 0.2% to 1.6% of euploid fetuses and in 9% to 11% of aneuploid fetuses undergoing sonographic evaluations. 4 It is thought to occur as a result of atrophy or agenesis of one of the umbilical arteries at any location from the origin off the internal iliac artery to the insertion site on the placenta.…”

Single umbilical artery and the VATER-animal model

“…Recent advances in ultrasonographic imaging have allowed prenatal diagnosis by antenatal visualization of the umbilical cord in the amniotic cavity. [3][4][5] Furthermore, color Doppler ultrasonography can image the the umbilical arteries in the fetal pelvis as they course around the bladder. 6 Adriamycin is an antitumor agent commonly used in treatment of a variety of tumors including sarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and mammary carcinoma.…”