Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction Although there are many studies in the literature, diagnostic evaluation, followup and optimal therapy of antenatal hydronephrosis is an ongoing challenge between different disciplines. Main discussion continues on indications for invasive diagnostics and surgery in infants with asymptomatic primary UPJ-type hydronephrosis. Due to the fact that the majority of UPJ-type hydronephrosis are temporary and physiologic, the vast majority of them resolve spontaneously without obstruction and renal damage. Therfore, many need only proper followup depending on the severity of hydronephrosis. However, a small number of neonatal UPJ type hydronephrosis persist and need prompt surgical correction do to renal damage.