“…Further evidence of the special significance of vasopressin relative to OT is research indicating (a) that effects of prenatal stress on social memory in rats is mediated by vasopressin 1a receptor mRNA expression but not OT receptors (Grundwald, Benítez, & Brunton, 2016) and (b) that prenatal exposure to AVP or caffeine, but not OT, alters learning in female rats (Swenson, Beckwith, Lamberty, Krebs, & Tinius, 1990). Of significance also is that whereas OT is first detected a few days following birth, AVP can be detected in the prenatal and perinatal periods in the fetal brain and is thought to play a significant role in central nervous system maturation (Bloch et al, 1990; Tribollet, Goumaz, Raggenbass, Dubois-Dauphin, & Dreifuss, 1991).…”