Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and risk of being born small for gestational age: Pooled analysis of seven European birth cohorts

Govarts, Eva; Iszatt, Nina; Trnovec, T.; Cock, Marijke de; Eggesbø, Merete; Murínová, Ľubica Palkovičová; Bor, Margot van de; Guxens, Mònica; Chevrier, Cécile; Koppen, Gudrun; Lamoree, M.H.; Hertz‐Picciotto, Irva; Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-José; Lertxundi, Aitana; Grimalt, Joan O.; Torrent, Maties; Goñi-Irigoyen, Fernando; Vermeulen, Roel; Legler, Juliette; Schoeters, Greet

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.017

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Our analyses suggest that high levels of PFOA and PFOS exposure may lead to substantially increased odds of low birth weight, very low birth weight, pre-term birth, early pre-term birth, and a lower GFR. All of these outcomes are of substantial public health relevance [36][37][38]. We note, however, that these effects are not necessarily additive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Models with zip code controls also include mean household income and racial composition (% Asian, % Black, % Hispanic) low birth weight (< 2500 g) or preterm birth (< 37 weeks), outcomes which have been associated with adverse long-term developmental consequences for the child [36,37]. However, few studies have evaluated associations between PFAS and the likelihood of these adverse birth outcomes directly (exceptions include [10,14,38]), largely due to sample size constraints given the relative infrequency with which such outcomes occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota

et al. 2020

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Background: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in drinking water supplies around the world and are the subject of intense regulatory debate. While they have been associated with several illnesses, their effects on reproductive outcomes remains uncertain. Methods: We analyzed birth outcomes in the east Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 2002 to 2011, where a portion of the population faced elevated exposure to PFASs due to long-term contamination of drinking water supplies from industrial waste disposal. Installation of a water filtration facility in the highly contaminated city of Oakdale, MN at the end of 2006 resulted in a sharp decrease in exposure to PFASs, creating a "natural experiment". Using a difference-indifferences approach, we compare the changes in birth outcomes before and after water filtration in Oakdale to the changes over the same period in neighboring communities where the treatment of municipal water remained constant. Results: Average birth weight and average gestational age were statistically significantly lower in the highly exposed population than in the control area prior to filtration of municipal water supply. The highly exposed population faced increased odds of low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.25-1.48) and pre-term birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19) relative to the control before filtration, and these differences moderated after filtration. The general fertility rate was also significantly lower in the exposed population (incidence rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77) prior to filtration and appeared to be rebounding post-2006. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between filtration of drinking water containing high levels of exposure to PFASs and improved reproductive outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota

et al. 2020

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“…atmospheric pollutants). A few studies have simultaneously considered more than a couple of families of exposures, relating them to outcomes such as birth weight, [2][3][4][5][6] fecundity, 7,8 type II diabetes mellitus, 9 respiratory health 10 or mortality. 11 The developmental period (from the prenatal period to the first years of life) is considered a particularly relevant exposure window.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, reliance on spot biospecimens causes attenuation bias in the exposure-health association under the hypothesis of classical-type measurement error. 24 At least five exposome-wide studies have been conducted in relation to fetal growth, [2][3][4][5][6] considering up to 57 chemicals from 6 families. 5 From a methodological standpoint, such exposome research raises many challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the pregnancy exposome and fetal growth

Agier

Basagaña

Hernández-Ferrer

et al. 2020

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background Several environmental contaminants were shown to possibly influence fetal growth, generally from single exposure family studies, which are prone to publication bias and confounding by co-exposures. The exposome paradigm offers perspectives to avoid selective reporting of findings and to control for confounding by co-exposures. We aimed to characterize associations of fetal growth with the pregnancy chemical and external exposomes. Methods Within the Human Early-Life Exposome project, 131 prenatal exposures were assessed using biomarkers and environmental models in 1287 mother–child pairs from six European cohorts. We investigated their associations with fetal growth using a deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) algorithm considering all exposures simultaneously, and an exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently. We corrected for exposure measurement error and tested for exposure–exposure and sex–exposure interactions. Results The DSA model identified lead blood level, which was associated with a 97 g birth weight decrease for each doubling in lead concentration. No exposure passed the multiple testing-corrected significance threshold of ExWAS; without multiple testing correction, this model was in favour of negative associations of lead, fine particulate matter concentration and absorbance with birth weight, and of a positive sex-specific association of parabens with birth weight in boys. No two-way interaction between exposure variables was identified. Conclusions This first large-scale exposome study of fetal growth simultaneously considered >100 environmental exposures. Compared with single exposure studies, our approach allowed making all tests (usually reported in successive publications) explicit. Lead exposure is still a health concern in Europe and parabens health effects warrant further investigation.

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“…With an increasing number of women active in the labor force in both developed and developing countries, many will work during their reproductive years (5,6) and likely be exposed to a variety of chemicals during pregnancy. Associations between prenatal exposure to EDC and a num-ber of adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported, including miscarriage (7), birth defects (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), stillbirth (13), small-for-gestational age (SGA) (14), impaired fetal growth (15,16), low birthweight (LBW) (17), and preterm birth (PTB) (18). However, there are limited prospective birth cohort studies to evaluate this association and despite these investigations, evidence of such effects in humans is inconclusive, and many EDC have not yet been evaluated in epidemiological research (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational chemical exposures in pregnancy and fetal growth: evidence from the Born in Bradford Study

Shirangi¹,

Wright²,

Blair³

et al. 2020

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Occupational chemical exposures in pregnancy and fetal growth: evidence from the Born in Bradford Study by Shirangi A, Wright J, Blair EM, McEachan RRC, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ This is the first study to show that the risk of inadequate fetal growth as measured by percentage of optimal birth weight (POBW)<85 was elevated following occupational exposures to pesticides and phthalates. Further larger studies are needed to confirm this. Employers should provide workers with adequate education about potential chemical hazards in the workplace to ensure the complete protection of all workers' reproductive health.

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Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and risk of being born small for gestational age: Pooled analysis of seven European birth cohorts

Cited by 68 publications

References 71 publications

Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota

Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota

Association between the pregnancy exposome and fetal growth

Occupational chemical exposures in pregnancy and fetal growth: evidence from the Born in Bradford Study

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