Prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case–control study

Warembourg, Charline; Botton, Jérémie; Lelong, Nathalie; Rouget, Florence; Khoshnood, Babak; Gleau, F. Le; Monfort, Christine; Labat, Laurence; Fontaine, P.; Heude, Barbara; Slama, Rémy; Multigner, Luc; Munier, Charles; Cordier, Sylvaine; Garlantézec, Ronan

doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104391

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…in 2013 dealt with glycol ethers, including phenoxyethanol (Table ). More recently, the same team also recently published two other observational studies on glycol ethers, including phenoxyethanol …”

Section: Review Of Safety Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third study was a case–control study nested in the two joint PELAGIE and EDEN cohorts. Its results showed that there was no association between urinary concentrations of phenoxyacetic acid and cryptorchidism or hypospadias …”

Section: Review Of Safety Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the same team also recently published two other observational studies on glycol ethers, including phenoxyethanol. 22,23 The three original articles cited above [21][22][23] report the results of observational longitudinal French studies in two large mother-child cohorts, the PELAGIE cohort and the Eden cohort, aiming to determine the relationship between occupational and non-occupational exposure to several glycol ethers, including phenoxyethanol, and specific outcomes related to ovarian function in a random sample of women. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women recruited before 19 weeks of gestation between 2002 and 2006 and followed up to the end of pregnancy.…”

Section: Endocrine Disruption Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 In a recent study analysing the full ingredient information contained in the American Contact Dermatitis Society databasethe Contact Allergen Management Programfor a large panel of common cosmetic products marketed in the USA (n = 4737), phenoxyethanol was found in 23.9% (n = 1132) of the products. 7 Moreover, a recent study conducted in Spain reported that 43.09% of cosmetics sold exclusively in pharmacies, 23.29% of cosmetics sold in supermarkets and 14.1% of cosmetics from herbal shops, contained phenoxyethanol. 8 Some glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol methyl ether, have been shown to have toxic effects on reproduction and have been banned in Europe [see European Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics

Dréno

Zuberbier

Gelmetti

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Phenoxyethanol, or 2‐phenoxyethanol, has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and has been widely used as a preservative in cosmetic products for decades. It is effective against various Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, as well as against yeasts, and has only a weak inhibitory effect on resident skin flora. According to the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, phenoxyethanol is safe for all consumers – including children of all ages – when used as a preservative in cosmetic products at a maximum concentration of 1%. Adverse systemic effects have been observed in toxicological studies on animals but only when the levels of exposure were many magnitudes higher (around 200‐fold higher) than those to which consumers are exposed when using phenoxyethanol‐containing cosmetic products. Despite its widespread use in cosmetic products, phenoxyethanol is a rare sensitizer. It can be considered as one of the most well‐tolerated preservatives used in cosmetic products.

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Section: Review Of Safety Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Safety Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Disruption Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics

Dréno

Zuberbier

Gelmetti

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…The recent publication by Warembourg et al 1 suggests several associations between exposure to glycol ethers during pregnancy and the development of male genital anomalies. We consider that a number of the findings and assumptions are of dubious credibility and, while some reach statistical significance, it is doubtful that a link with glycol ether exposure is biologically credible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plausibility of the findings reported in ‘Prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case–control study’ by Warembourg et al

Smet¹,

Kelsey²

2018

Occup Environ Med

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Hypospadias risk is increased with maternal residential exposure to hormonally active hazardous air pollutants

Sheth

Kovar

White

et al. 2019

Birth Defects Research

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Background: With the increasing birth prevalence of hypospadias, there is growing concern for pollutant exposure interfering with normal penile development. We assess the association between hypospadias and hormonally active hazardous air pollutants (HAHAPs) through a nationwide database of hazardous air pollutants and the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR). Methods: Using the TBDR, we identified 8,981 nonsyndromic isolated hypospadias cases from 1999 to 2008. Birth certificate controls were matched for birth year at a 10:1 ratio to cases. Estimated HAHAP concentrations from the 2005 U.S. EPA National–Scale Air Toxics Assessment were used to assign exposure based on maternal residence at birth. Exposure levels were categorized as quintiles based on the distribution in controls. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each increasing exposure category of selected HAHAPs. Results: Of the 10 HAHAPs studied, seven were significantly associated with hypospadias risk. The HAHAP that was most strongly associated with hypospadias was phenol, which was associated with risk in all groups except the high exposure group. Cumulative HAHAP exposure demonstrated a modest increase in hypospadias risk (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.24, p < 0.001) in the medium and medium–high quintiles. Conclusions: While maternal exposure to some HAHAPs was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias in male offspring, the effects were modest, and no dose–response effects were observed. Future work should employ biomarkers of exposure to better delineate the relationship.

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Prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case–control study

Abstract: In view of the toxicological plausibility of our results, this study, despite its small sample size, raises concern about the potential developmental toxicity of MAA on the male genital system and calls for thorough identification of current sources of exposure to MAA.

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics

Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics

Plausibility of the findings reported in ‘Prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case–control study’ by Warembourg et al

Hypospadias risk is increased with maternal residential exposure to hormonally active hazardous air pollutants

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