Prenatal ultrasound and childhood autism: long-term follow-up after a randomized controlled trial of first-<i>vs</i>second-trimester ultrasound

Carlsson, Lotta Höglund; Saltvedt, Sissel; Anderlid, Britt Marie; Westerlund, Joakim; Gillberg, Christopher; Westgren, Magnus; Fernell, Elisabeth

doi:10.1002/uog.15962

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In 2016, Carlsson et al 65 from Sweden analyzed the frequency of ASD in 30,000 children born from 1999 -2003. In the study, 14,726 single pregnancies were randomly exposed to one ultrasonic scan at 12 weeks of gestation, and 14,596 pregnancies were exposed to several ultrasonic scans at 18, 24, 34, and 38 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Prenatal Ultrasonography and Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Excessive Prenatal Ultrasonography a Risk Factor for Autism? A Literature Review

Moammar¹,

Sulayman²

2019

Preprint

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The historic mutual rise of prenatal ultrasonography and autism spectrum disorder and their similarities and controversies in the literature are discussed in this review. Scientific AbstractFor the past several decades, abdominal prenatal ultrasonography has been the most significant technology in obstetrics a s a long-established practice. However, the frequency, exposure time, thermal and cavitation exposure indices, and increased acoustic output of the ultrasonic waves may be harmful to the embryo/fetus and might increase susceptibility to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The increase in the prevalence of ASD is associated with an affluent ethnicity, high socioeconomic status, and high parental education where prenatal ultrasonography is readily available and affordable. Enhanced biophysical adverse effects may link the analogous increase in prenatal ultrasonography and autism, and prenatal ultrasonography may emerge as a risk factor for autism. Radiography usage provides historical evidence for this fact: the predominant past opinion was that exposure to X-rays during pregnancy caused no significant risk to a fetus. However, the association between X-ray exposure and childhood leukemia was only established 40 years after X-ray use began. This review focuses on excessive PUS usage and ASD development. Public AbstractAdvancements in medical technology over the past several decades have made prenatal ultrasound more frequently accessible to expecting mothers during their pregnancy, especially for the affluent. A parallel development is the increase in autism diagnoses (Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD) in children of affluent families. There is a general lack of studies of the impact of prenatal ultrasound on fetuses, especially around varying attributes such as frequency, duration of exposure, and thermal and cavitation indices. There is also a historical precedent set, where Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 4

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Section: Prenatal Ultrasonography and Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[67][68][69][70] Brightness modulation (B-mode) scanners, used in the mid-1990s, are the source of the prevalent safety verification of PUS. 10,65,79,81 The new devices such as pulsed Doppler, color flow, or scanners produce 10-to 15-fold higher acoustic outputs than those of the earlier 1990s scanners;…”

Section: Safety Of Pusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Excessive Prenatal Ultrasonography a Risk Factor for Autism? A Literature Review

Moammar¹,

Sulayman²

2019

Preprint

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“…Animal studies suggest that prenatal ultrasound may produce biological effects on the exposed fetus [1,2]. However, no consistent causal relationship between the proper use of diagnostic ultrasound and human biological effects (bioeffects) has been established [3,4] apart from a weak association between ultrasound screening during pregnancy and non-right-handedness in later life [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Indices of Ultrasound: Adherence to Recommendations and Awareness During Routine Obstetric Ultrasound Scanning

et al. 2020

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Purpose To analyze bioeffect safety indices and assess how often operators look at these indices during routine obstetric ultrasound. Materials and Methods Automated analysis of prospectively collected data including video recordings of full-length ultrasound scans coupled with operator eye tracking was performed. Using optical recognition, we extracted the Mechanical Index (MI), Thermal Index in soft tissue (TIs), and Thermal Index in bone (TIb) values and ultrasound mode. This allowed us to report the bioeffect safety indices during routine obstetric scans and assess adherence to professional organization recommendations. Eye-tracking analysis allowed us to assess how often operators look at the displayed bioeffect safety indices. Results A total of 637 ultrasound scans performed by 17 operators were included, of which 178, 216, and 243 scans were first, second, and third-trimester scans, respectively. During live scanning, the mean and range were 0.14 (0.1 to 3.0) for TIb, 0.2 (0.1 to 1.2) for TIs, and 0.9 (0.1 to 1.3) for MI. The mean and standard deviation of TIb were 0.15 ± 0.03, 0.23 ± 0.09, 0.32 ± 0.24 in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. For B-mode, the highest TIb was 0.8 in all trimesters. The highest TIb was recorded for pulsed-wave Doppler mode in all trimesters. The recommended exposure times were maintained in all scans. Analysis of eye tracking suggested that operators looked at bioeffect safety indices in only 27 (4.2 %) of the scans. Conclusion In this study, recommended bioeffect indices were adhered to in all routine scans. However, eye tracking showed that operators rarely assessed safety indices during scanning.

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“…A larger cohort study in Sweden also failed to connect ASD to prenatal ultrasound examination at 12 or 18 weeks of gestation. The authors noted that, at the time of their study (1999 -2003), prenatal ultrasound exposure used to be less frequent and utilized lower intensities than in later time, underlining the need for more research on higher prenatal ultrasound exposure [20]. This question was addressed by Stoch et al, who studied pregnancies with intensive prenatal ultrasound exposure (five examinations throughout pregnancy) compared to regular exposure (one single examination at 18 weeks of gestation and further scans as medically indicated).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Ultrasound and Autism: A Prediction Tool, a Risk Factor, Both or Neither?

2017

Ultraschall in Med

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Prenatal ultrasound and childhood autism: long-term follow-up after a randomized controlled trial of first-vssecond-trimester ultrasound

Abstract: Objective To analyze whether the frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Is Excessive Prenatal Ultrasonography a Risk Factor for Autism? A Literature Review

Is Excessive Prenatal Ultrasonography a Risk Factor for Autism? A Literature Review

Safety Indices of Ultrasound: Adherence to Recommendations and Awareness During Routine Obstetric Ultrasound Scanning

Prenatal Ultrasound and Autism: A Prediction Tool, a Risk Factor, Both or Neither?

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