Prenatal work stress is associated with prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Clayborne, Zahra M.; Colman, Ian; Kingsbury, Mila; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Gustavson, Kristin; Nilsen, Wendy

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.024

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Perceived stress is an individual’s cognitive assessment of the threat posed by stressors and their ability to cope with these threats ( Liu Z. et al, 2021 ). In the process of coping with stressful events, individuals are prone to produce a series of negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, anger, and pain ( Pereira-Morales et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Clayborne et al, 2022 ). For example, Israeli et al (2018) triggered participants’ perceived stress through an impromptu speech task and found that induced stress promoted a more severe state of anxiety in participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process

Feng

Lei

2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionPrevious studies using retrospective questionnaires have suggested a complex relationship between perceived stress and related negative emotions and emphasized their importance in mental health. However, how daily perceived stress, anxiety, and depression interact dynamically in a natural context remains largely unexplored.MethodsThis study conducted a longitudinal survey that applied experience sampling methodology to data from 141 Chinese college students (58% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 1.63 years).ResultsThe hierarchical linear models confirmed that daily perceived stress and negative emotions (i.e., perceived depression and anxiety) could reciprocally reinforce one another with the characteristic dynamics of a cognitive–emotional downward spiral. Additionally, anxiety and depression could further circularly aggravate each other imminently. These two intertwined downward-spiral processes constitute a double-downward-spiral model.DiscussionThe findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactive mechanisms underlying perceived stress and its related negative emotions in everyday life and highlight the significance of early emotion regulation and stress relief in healthy people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process

Feng

Lei

2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…Moreover, prenatal depression is known to be on a continuum with postpartum depression [19]. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated associations between several work-related stressors and depression risk during prenatal and postnatal periods [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pregnancy discrimination on postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study

Kachi

Fujiwara

Inoue

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Pregnancy discrimination in the workplace is prevalent worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effects of pregnancy discrimination on mothers’ perinatal mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms, and the mediation effects of prenatal depressive symptoms on this association. Methods Our sample consisted of 285 Japanese women employed during pregnancy who completed a baseline online survey in May 2020 and a follow-up mail survey two months postpartum. Pregnancy discrimination was defined as exposure to any of 16 forms of disadvantageous treatment or harassment related to pregnancy, prohibited by national guidelines. Prenatal (assessed at baseline) and postpartum (assessed at follow-up) depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed overall and stratified by regular (permanent) and non-regular (precarious) employees. Results Overall, 23.9% of participants experienced pregnancy discrimination during pregnancy. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregnancy discrimination was significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (coefficient 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–2.88). When stratified by employment type, these effects were observable among non-regular employees (coefficient 2.51, 95% CI 0.45–4.57) but not regular employees. Mediation analysis showed that prenatal depressive symptoms mediated 57.1% (95% CI 20.1–94.1%) of the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms among all participants, with a greater effect among non-regular employees (64.1% [95% CI 18.5–109.8%]). Conclusions Pregnancy discrimination has adverse effects on postpartum depressive symptoms, partially through prenatal depressive symptoms, especially among non-regular employees. To prevent perinatal depression in female workers, employers should comply with legislation and take preventive measures against pregnancy discrimination, while considering vulnerable employees.

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“…The current study used a cutoff threshold 7 or greater to define postnatal depression diagnosis. This threshold has been validated as identifying postnatal depression cases in previous studies …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This threshold has been validated as identifying postnatal depression cases in previous studies. 30,31 In addition to using the EPDS-6 as a binary indicator of whether women were eligible for treatment for their postnatal depression, we used the SCL-8 as a continuous measure of postnatal depression symptomatology at postpartum month 6. The correlation of the EDPS and the SCL-8 was 0.7 in the current sample.…”

Section: Postnatal Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes Following Postnatal SSRI Treatment

Liu,

Ystrom,

McAdams

2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceAlthough selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended for postnatal depression treatment, there is a lack of evidence regarding long-term maternal and child outcomes following postnatal SSRI treatment.ObjectiveTo examine whether postnatal SSRI treatment moderated postnatal depression–associated maternal and child outcomes across early childhood years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used longitudinal data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Participating women were recruited in weeks 17 to 18 of pregnancy from 1999 to 2008 and were prospectively followed up after childbirth. Data analysis was performed between December 2021 to October 2022.ExposurePostnatal depression diagnosis (a binary indicator of eligibility for treatment) was defined as a score of 7 or greater on the 6-item version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist was used as a continuous indicator of and postnatal depressive symptomology at postpartum month 6. Postnatal SSRI treatment was identified using self-reported data at postpartum month 6.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMaternal outcomes included self-reported depression symptomology and relationship satisfaction from childbirth to postpartum year 5. Child outcomes included maternal-report internalizing and externalizing problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and motor and language development at ages 1.5, 3, and 5 years. A propensity score adjustment method was used to control for prenatal factors associated with postnatal SSRI exposure probability.ResultsAmong a total of 61 081 mother-child dyads, 8671 (14.2%) (mean [SD] age, 29.93 [4.76] years) met the criteria for postnatal depression diagnosis, 177 (2.0%) (mean [SD] age, 30.20 [5.01] years) of whom received postnatal SSRI treatment. More severe postnatal depression symptomology was associated with a range of adverse maternal and child outcomes. Focusing analyses only on the postnatal depression dyads indicated that postnatal SSRI treatment attenuated negative associations between postnatal depression and maternal relationship satisfaction at postpartum month 6 (moderation β, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07-0.19), years 1.5 (moderation β, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18) and 3 (moderation β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04-0.19), and for child ADHD at age 5 years (moderation β, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.05). Postnatal SSRI treatment mitigated the negative associations between postnatal depression and maternal depression, partner relationship satisfaction, child externalizing problems, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder up to 5 years after childbirth.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this large prospective cohort study suggest that postnatal SSRI treatment was associated with a reduced risk of postnatal depression–associated maternal mental health problems and child externalizing behaviors across early childhood years. These findings suggest that postnatal SSRI treatment may bring benefits in the long term to women with postnatal depression and their offspring. This study potentially provides valuable information for clinicians and women with postnatal depression to make informed treatment decisions.

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Prenatal work stress is associated with prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process

Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process

The effects of pregnancy discrimination on postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study

Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes Following Postnatal SSRI Treatment

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