Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Ventricular Outpouchings: An Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature

Congenital giant left ventricular aneurysm

“…Shuplock et al described 86 cases of prenatally diagnosed congenital left ventricular outpouchings. 9 Pericardial effusions (44%) and ventricular dysfunction (17%) were the most common cardiac findings. Mortality rate was 17%, with the majority occurring prenatally.…”

A Japanese Patient with Genitopatellar Syndrome Transiently Presenting with Cardiac Intramural Cavity during the Neonatal Period

“…CVD and CVA, recently often referred to as congenital ventricular outpouchings (CVOs) [ 8 , 9 ], are generally defined as follows: CVD is a ventricular protrusion that has normal contractility and histologically all three layers of the myocardium, and communication to the ventricular wall of CVD is narrow. In contrast, CVA is a ventricular protrusion that is akinetic or dyskinetic and histologically shows a defect or absence of the myocardium with fibrosis, and communication to the ventricular wall of CVA is broad [ 9 – 11 ]. The etiology of CVD has been considered to be failure of normal embryogenesis, while that of CVA has been considered to be mainly the result of localized ischemia in utero [ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…The location and change in the size of the cardiac intramural cavity are also quite different from those of typical CVOs. Most CVOs are located at the apex or free wall of the ventricle, most frequently on the left ventricular apex [ 9 , 13 ]. Ohlow et al reported that CVD and CVA located on the ventricular septum were only 2.5% and 3.2%, respectively, in the analysis of 809 cases of CVD and CVA in the left ventricle [ 13 ].…”

“…Ohlow et al reported that CVD and CVA located on the ventricular septum were only 2.5% and 3.2%, respectively, in the analysis of 809 cases of CVD and CVA in the left ventricle [ 13 ]. Regarding the change in the size of CVOs, Shuplock et al have described that among 86 prenatally diagnosed CVOs, only 5 cases resolved before 1 year of age [ 9 ]. Although the decrease in the relative size of CVOs in comparison with the growing ventricle may not be rare [ 14 ], the complete resolution of CVOs in a short time as our case is considered to be fairly rare.…”

Congenital Aneurysm/Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle in the Newborn

“…In contrast, during the ten years' observation of children with diverticula, there were no serious complications [3]. In general, the prognosis for these defects is good, in many children the disease is asymptomatic for a long time, although there is a risk of the development of severe complications such as aneurysm or diverticulum rupture, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, pericardial effusion and death [4,6,8].…”