Preoperative and postoperative cytokines in patients with cancer

Abstract

Background. Changes in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and granulocyte macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were investigated before and after operation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metastatic liver carcinoma, and gastrointestinal carcinoma. Results. Serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1α, and IL‐1β were high in patients with liver carcinoma (HCC and metastatic liver carcinoma) before operation in comparison with those of normal controls (P < 0.01). In patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma, serum levels of cytokines, except those of TNF‐a, were the same as in patients with liver carcinoma. The level of TNF‐α in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma was low compared with that in patients with liver carcinoma. Within 1 day after operation, the peak level of TNF‐a was observed at 15 hours, IL‐1α at 18 hours, IL‐1β at 21 hours, and IL‐6 at 24 hours after operation. Subsequently, these cytokine levels peaked again: TNF‐α at 48 hours, IL‐1α at 72 hours, IL‐1β at 120 hours, and IL‐6 at 168 hours after operation. GM‐CSF levels increased gradually after operation. Moreover, in HCC, serum levels of TNF‐α were high in patients with recurrence compared with those without recurrence (P < 0.01). The difference in IL‐1α and IL‐1β levels between patients with recurrence and those without recurrence can be regarded as significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion. These results suggest that TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, and GM‐CSF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers; TNF‐α may be especially important as a tumor marker in HCC and metastatic liver carcinoma. Cancer 1992; 70:709–713.

Cytokine serum levels in soft tissue sarcoma patients: Correlations with clinico‐pathological features and prognosis

“…It is worth mentioning that the measurement of cytokine serum level should be performed not less than 2 or 3 months after treatment because surgery or chemotherapy typically increases cytokine serum levels (particularly proinflammatory or proangiogenic). [61][62][63] We have also observed this phenomenon in our study (data not shown).…”

Liver Cancer: Ephrina2 Promotes Tumorigenicity Through Rac1/Akt/Nf-κB Signaling Pathway

“…TNF-␣ has been reported to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. 22,32,33 Released by infiltrating lymphocytes, TNF-␣ can trigger both pro-survival and pro-apoptosis signaling through the NF-B pathway and the caspase8 pathway. The cell fate determination mainly depends on the balance between these two pathways.…”

“…22 TNF-␣ is closely involved in the induction of apoptosis and in triggering destruction of liver. 23 To test whether EphrinA2 exerts a similar resistant effect in this cytokineinduced apoptosis, we performed TNF-␣ treatment on both control and EphrinA2-overexpressing cells.…”

Modulation of the plasminogen activation system by inflammatory cytokines in human colon carcinoma cells

“…Tumour cell membrane vesicles were found to induce the release of macrophage TNF-oa (Hasday et al, 1990). This may explain that high plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood mononuclear cell cytokine mRNA levels, in particular of TNF-a, were found in gastrointestinal cancer patients (Balkwill et al, 1987;Nakazaki, 1991). Moreover, in situ hybridisation studies of samples obtained from colon cancer patients have identified TNF-a-producing cells as belonging to the macrophage lineage, whereas IL-13 and IL-6 were less frequently detected (Beissert et al, 1989;Naylor et al, 1990).…”