Preoperative anxiety and implications on postoperative recovery: what can we do to change our history

Can hypnosis and virtual reality reduce anxiety, pain and fatigue among patients who undergo cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial

“…Patients' anxiety before surgery is a risk for postoperative recovery problems and its consequences are of paramount importance in delaying wound healing [4]. In addition, preoperative anxiety is reported to significantly influence the intensity of postoperative pain [5,6]. Studies have shown that among patients in the ICU, pain is associated with an unpleasant stay, sleep deprivation, increased agitation, high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and feeling unsafe in the ICU environment [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Global Prevalence and determinants of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

“…Mortality and morbidity associated with preoperative anxiety are more likely due to major cardiovascular problems associated with health-related behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, poor compliance with treatment, or an inactive lifestyle and direct in uence on the myocardial perfusion, autonomic nervous system regulation, platelet activation, increased hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and exaggerated in ammatory processes (3,4,7,8,12,13,17,26,41,44,45,50,51,57,(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). However, the body of evidence on global prevalence and determinates of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients is still in demand.…”

PREPARE: PreoPerative Anxiety REduction. One-Year Feasibility RCT on a Brief Psychological Intervention for Pancreatic Cancer Patients Prior to Major Surgery

“…Data in our sample confirm the utility to intervene near the surgery: if at baseline (T0) 20% of patients showed clinically significant rates of trait anxiety, the day before surgery (T1), more than half of the included patients had a score over the threshold in state anxiety (54%) and pre-surgical anxiety (55%), providing evidence that a psychological intervention is important and useful for these patients during this specific timeframe. Indeed, percentages reported in literature for patients admitted to hospital for surgery vary between 25 and 80% (Stamenkovic et al, 2018), depending on sociodemographic factors (gender and age), psycho-social variables (i.e. stress tolerance, coping strategies, concern about family, social support), type of surgery and anesthesia (general or local), history of prior surgery and cancer.…”

“…"Preoperative anxiety" can be considered a form of state anxiety and is defined as an unpleasant state of discomfort or tension related to the condition of waiting to undergo anesthesia and surgery (Maranets and Kain, 1999). Percentages reported in literature vary between 25 and 85%, according to the study (Norris and Baird, 1967;Mitchell, 2010Mitchell, , 2012Mulugeta et al, 2018;Stamenkovic et al, 2018). Kindler et al (2000) arranged the causes of preoperative anxiety into three dimensions: the fear of the unknown, the idea of being sick, and the possibility of life ending.…”