Preoperative Anxiety Management, Emergence Delirium, and Postoperative Behavior

A combined intervention of art therapy and clown visits to reduce preoperative anxiety in children

“…These distraction techniques were found to be effective at the moment when children were separated from their parents. It would be interesting to assess whether these techniques can also have positive influence on postoperative outcomes (Banchs & Lerman , Chieng et al . ).…”

“…Preoperative anxiety has been reported to result in adverse outcomes and negative postoperative sequelae, such as emotional disturbance, cognitive inefficacy, behavioural impairments, bad dreams, sleep disturbances and disobedience (Kain et al . , Banchs & Lerman , He et al . ).…”

The effectiveness of age‐appropriate pre‐operative information session on the anxiety level of school‐age children undergoing elective surgery in Jordan

“…Nonpharmacological preoperative programs are considered less intrusive and nonthreatening (Jitendra, Dogra, Katoch, Gupta, & Sharma, 2015). Such programs are efficient in decreasing anxiety, increasing understanding to health problem, facilitating communication with health care providers, and promoting recovery (Banchs & Lerman, 2014;He et al, 2015;Tanaka et al, 2011). For parents, preparation of children for surgery may increase their satisfaction with care provided to their children (Kar, Ganguly, Dasgupta, and Goswami, 2015).…”

Emergence from general anesthesia and the sleep-manifold

“…Patients can also experience periods of confusion and disorientation, or even delirium following wakeup, indicating a possible incomplete return of full consciousness. The incidence of emergence delirium in children has been reported as high as 50% in preschool children (Banchs and Lerman, 2014), but the mechanisms of this phenomenon are not well understood. Clinicians often note the huge variability in wakeup length and quality, but find the prediction of quality of recovery from the intraoperative period a major challenge.…”