Preoperative assessment: pulmonary

Associação independente do tabagismo aos eventos cardíacos pós-operatórios e à mortalidade em 30 dias

“…Al analizar la asociación del tabaquismo a los eventos cardiovasculares y a la mortalidad a 30 días, pocos fueron los estudios que lo consideraron como variable independiente 8,11 , pues la mayoría de los estudios reporta esta variable como uno de los factores de riesgo relacionado a los eventos pulmonares, más que a los cardiovasculares 7,8,13 .…”

“…El tabaquismo está asociado a las complicaciones postoperatorias pulmonares [6][7][8] . Entre las más importantes asociaciones, se destacan el aumento del tiempo de ventilación mecánica, neumonía 9 , infección y dificultad para la cicatrización 10 .…”

Postoperative Complications after Thoracic Surgery in the Morbidly Obese Patient

“…It is probably wise to consider judicious use of sedatives and opiates in all morbidly obese patients to prevent oversedation and delayed airway obstruction. Nonsteroidal analgesics may reduce the need for opiates in the postoperative period [9]. …”

Control of asthma for reducing the risk of bronchospasm in asthmatics undergoing general anesthesia and/or intravascular administration of radiographic contrast media

“…Among these, impairment of the ability to cough, impairment of the mucociliary function, reduction of palatal/pharyngeal muscle tone, alteration of diaphragmatic function and an increase in the layer of liquid on the airway wall. Moreover, the direct mechanical stimulation of airway caused by endotracheal intubation itself is potentially able to induce bronchoconstriction reflexes through the parasympathetic nervous system or activation of peripheral termination of C-fiber afferents and consequent release of substance P and neurokinin A [31][32][33][34] .…”