Preoperative imaging for locoregional staging of bladder cancer

Mirmomen, S. Mojdeh; Shinagare, Atul B.; Williams, Kristin E.; Silverman, Stuart G.

doi:10.1007/s00261-019-02168-z

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Computed tomography (CT), specifically CT urography (CTU), is the most commonly used imaging method worldwide to diagnose and stage urothelial malignancies, for the localization, locoregional staging, and detection of distant metastases. A recent review by Mirmomen et al demonstrated a 91% diagnostic accuracy in the detection of urothelial cancers [3]. Given the heterogeneity of bladder cancer and its variable natural history, routine screening outside of high-risk populations is not currently recommended [4].…”

Section: Initial Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, CT imaging is best used locally in the assessment of higher-staged larger tumors. Mirmomen et al conducted a review of CT staging studies and demonstrated 49-93% accuracy in detecting perivesicular invasion with tumors staged ≥T3 [3]. There are some early models using machine learning that may help stratify tumors into stage <T2 and stage ≥T2, which may increase CT utility in this arena of local staging in the future, but currently, this differentiation requires further investigation and validation prior to clinical implementation and acceptance [14].…”

Section: Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accepted measurements for abnormal, pathologically enlarged lymph nodes are 10 mm in the abdomen and 8 mm in the pelvis as measured in their short axis [16]. Accuracy expectedly varies in multiple studies, ranging from 54 to 86%, and using lower or higher cutoffs may increase rates of false positives or negatives, respectively [3]. Notably, a size criterion of 10 mm may produce false positives in up to 30% [17].…”

Section: Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 90% of BC are urothelial carcinoma, and approximately 75-85% of patients present with early-stage NMIBC. NMIBC is commonly diagnosed and treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and/or intravesical therapy [3,29,30]. NMIBC is considered a stage precursor to MIBC, if undetected or left untreated [31].…”

Section: Why Mri For Bladder Cancer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T2W anatomic images are essential for the local staging of bladder cancer, as they depict the relationship of the tumor tissue to the normal bladder wall [3]. Multiplanar fast or turbo spin-echo two-dimensional (2D) T2W images should be acquired in at least two planes (axial, sagittal, and/or coronal) with a slice thickness of 3-4 mm to maximize spatial resolution while maintaining an adequate signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Multiparametric Bladder Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

et al. 2020

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Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in the United States. Imaging plays a significant role in the management of patients with BC, including the locoregional staging and evaluation for distant metastatic disease, which cannot be assessed at the time of cystoscopy and biopsy/resection. We aim to review the current role of cross-sectional and molecular imaging modalities for the staging and restaging of BC and the potential advantages and limitations of each imaging modality. CT is the most widely available and frequently utilized imaging modality for BC and demonstrates good performance for the detection of nodal and visceral metastatic disease. MRI offers potential value for the locoregional staging and evaluation of muscular invasion of BC, which is critically important for prognostication and treatment decision-making. FDG-PET/MRI is a novel hybrid imaging modality combining the advantages of both MRI and FDG-PET/CT in a single-setting comprehensive staging examination and may represent the future of BC imaging evaluation.

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Section: Initial Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Mri For Bladder Cancer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiparametric Bladder Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

et al. 2020

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MRI of Bladder Cancer: Local and Nodal Staging

Caglič

Panebianco

Vargas

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Accurate staging of bladder cancer (BC) is critical, with local tumor staging directly influencing management decisions and affecting prognosis. However, clinical staging based on clinical examination, including cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), often understages patients compared to final pathology at radical cystectomy and lymph node (LN) dissection, mainly due to underestimation of the depth of local invasion and the presence of LN metastasis. MRI has now become established as the modality of choice for the local staging of BC and can be additionally utilized for the assessment of regional LN involvement and tumor spread to the pelvic bones and upper urinary tract (UUT). The recent development of the Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) recommendations has led to further improvements in bladder MRI, enabling standardization of image acquisition and reporting. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) incorporating morphological and functional imaging has been proven to further improve the accuracy of primary and recurrent tumor detection and local staging, and has shown promise in predicting tumor aggressiveness and monitoring response to therapy. These sequences can also be utilized to perform radiomics, which has shown encouraging initial results in predicting BC grade and local stage. In this article, the current state of evidence supporting MRI in local, regional, and distant staging in patients with BC is reviewed.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:649–667.

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Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasound Combined With Elastography for the Evaluation of Muscle‐invasive Bladder Cancer in Rats

Sun

Ren

et al. 2023

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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ObjectivesBy comparing with the control group, we evaluated the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with elastography for the assessment of muscle invasion by bladder cancer (MIBC) in a Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model.MethodsIn the experimental group, 40 SD rats developed in situ bladder cancer (BLCA) in response to N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea treatment, whereas 40 SD rats were included in the control group for comparison. We compared PI, Emean, microvessel density (MVD), and collagen fiber content (CFC) between the two groups. In the experimental group, Bland–Altman test was used to assess the relationships between various parameters. The largest Youden value was used as the cut‐off point, and binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the PI and Emean. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic power of parameters, individually and in combination.ResultsThe PI, Emean, MVD, and CFC were significantly lower in the control group than in the experimental group (P < .05). The PI, Emean, MVD, and CFC were significantly higher for MIBC than for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (P < .05). There were significant correlations between PI and MVD, and between Emean and CFC. The diagnostic efficiency analysis showed PI had the highest sensitivity, CFC had the highest specificity, and PI + Emean had the highest diagnostic efficacy.ConclusionCEUS and elastography can distinguish lesions from normal tissue. PI, MVD, Emean, and CFC were useful for the detection of BLCA myometrial invasion. The comprehensive utilization of PI and Emean improved diagnostic accuracy and have clinical application.

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Preoperative imaging for locoregional staging of bladder cancer

Cited by 49 publications

References 77 publications

The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

MRI of Bladder Cancer: Local and Nodal Staging

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasound Combined With Elastography for the Evaluation of Muscle‐invasive Bladder Cancer in Rats

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