Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Clinical Guiding Significance of Free Fatty Acids

Abstract

BackgroundIt is still controversial whether preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) should be applied to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. There is no relevant consensus or indicators to provide guidance as to whether T2DM patients should take POC.MethodsIn total, 164 T2DM patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy were analyzed. According to the level of blood free fatty acids (FFAs) and whether the patients received POC, the patients were divided into 6 groups: the low FFA carbohydrate group (LFFAC group), low FFA fasting water group (LFFAF group), medium FFA carbohydrate group (MFFAC group), medium FFA fasting water group (MFFAF group), high FFA carbohydrate group (HFFAC group) and high FFA fasting water group (HFFAF group).ResultsPatients with low FFA levels showed better perioperative blood glucose control and a lower incidence of postoperative complications than those in the medium and high FFA groups, especially when patients received POC. Further analyses revealed that the postoperative plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the POC group compared with the fasting water group, except for patients with high FFA levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that when the FFA concentration was higher than 0.745 mmol/L, the risk of poor blood glucose control during the perioperative period was increased.ConclusionsFFAs have clinical guiding significance for the application of POC in patients with T2DM under ERAS administration. T2DM patients with low FFAs are more suitable for receiving POC.

Palmitic acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus promotes atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability via macrophage Dll4 signaling

“…A salient observation was the pronounced elevation of palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid (SFA), in the context of T2DM. Established literature confirms that T2DM precipitates lipid metabolic anomalies, manifesting as increased circulating SFAs 21 . This phenomenon is attributed to insulin resistance, which impedes insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissues, leading to an efflux of SFAs 22 .…”