Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between attachment style, compliance, quality of life and renal function in adult patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: A total of 43 adult patients who received a kidney transplant more than 3 months before were enrolled and were asked to complete two Self-Report questionnaires: Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ-40) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Also compliance was measured using appropriate questions. Results: Linear regression analysis showed associations between the confidence in relationships Patients who exhibited avoidant attachment had a significantly better perception of their own general health than patients with anxious [F(2,37) ¼ 6.8; p50.05] or secure attachment; however, they had a worse perception regarding role limitations due to emotional problems, compared to patients with anxious attachment [F(2,37) ¼ 6.4; p50.05]. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that the evaluation of the attachment style in adult kidney transplant patients can contribute to plan a goal-directed psychological support program for these patients, in order to increase their compliance. The association between aspects of anxious attachment style and creatinine level needs more investigations.