Preoperative serum chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 levels and prognosis in colorectal cancer

Abstract

INTROduCTION Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic functions in the initiation and maintenance of immune reactions. They have also been shown to regulate other processes such as cancer progression and cancer cell migration.ObjECTIvEs The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic role of serum levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in patients with colorectal cancer. PATIENTs ANd METhOdsThe study included a group of 45 patients with colorectal cancer. The serum concentrations of CCL2 and CCL5 were measured preoperatively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients' blood were isolated and cultured alone or with cancer cells. The concentrations of chemokines in serum and culture supernatants were measured using the cytometric bead array method. The cut-off points for serum chemokine levels were set based on the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis at a level of 103.6 pg/ml for CCL2 and of 11933.2 pg/ml for CCL5. The survival analysis and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors were performed. REsuLTsThe 5-year survival was 57.5% for the group with low CCL2 levels and 23.87% for the group with high CCL2 levels. For the groups with low and high CCL5 levels, the survival was 18.3% and 49.3%, respectively. For CCL2, the survival of the low-level group was significantly better than that of the highlevel group (P = 0.0028). In the Cox proportional hazard model, radicality of resection (P = 0.001) and CCL2 levels (P = 0.029) were independent prognostic factors.CONCLusIONs The serum level of CCL2 in patients with colorectal cancer may have prognostic value. One of the possible mechanisms of CCL2 production is the interaction of PBMC with cancer cells.

Changes in plasma chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 levels during treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid predict outcome in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastasis

“…However, we were unable to obtain specific, reproducible immunostaining of fixed CRCLM tissue using any commercially available anti-CCL2 antibody, with which to explore whether CRCLM content predicts survival. Circulating CCL2 levels in CRC patients have only been described once [ 23 ]. Szczepanik and colleagues have reported that the pre-operative serum CCL2 level is a prognostic factor in patients undergoing primary CRC resection [ 23 ].…”

“…Circulating CCL2 levels in CRC patients have only been described once [ 23 ]. Szczepanik and colleagues have reported that the pre-operative serum CCL2 level is a prognostic factor in patients undergoing primary CRC resection [ 23 ].…”

The Assessment of Clinical Usage and Prognostic Value of YKL-40 Serum Levels in Patients With Rectal Cancer Without Distant Metastasis

“…Cytokines, metalloproteinases, and other molecules are of special interest, as their increased activity has been implicated in promoting tumor growth and proliferation and their expression levels can be easily assessed in patients’ blood. 3 – 5 A number of recent studies have shown that Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) also known as YKL-40 could be a potential candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. YKL-40 is a highly conserved glycoprotein binding heparin that is produced by different immune cells, such as active neutrophils, macrophages, as well as by tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells.…”

Is the C-C Motif Ligand 2–C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Axis a Promising Target for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis?

“…When the preoperative serum CCL2 concentration of 45 colorectal cancer patients was measured, the 5-year survival rate was significantly better in the group with low preoperative CCL2 level than in the group with high preoperative CCL2 level [63]. In a study examining CCL2 expression in 87 hepatectomy specimens of colorectal cancer liver metastases, CCL2 levels were associated with cancer progression and were prognostic markers of survival after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases [64].…”