Prepandemic cross-reactive humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Ioannidis, John P. A.; Contopoulos‐Ioannidis, Despina G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.009

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, amongst the 19 subjects with neutralizing responses above 50% at 1:400 plasma dilution, 18 (95%) were KS patients ( Figure 4 A). Our group and others have reported the presence of cross-reactive Ab responses against SARS-CoV-2 due to prior infection with common seasonal human coronaviruses [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Cross-reactive epitopes might offer some level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 [ 20 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group and others have reported the presence of cross-reactive Ab responses against SARS-CoV-2 due to prior infection with common seasonal human coronaviruses [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Cross-reactive epitopes might offer some level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 [ 20 , 54 , 55 ]. We investigated whether a prior history of HCoV exposures influenced SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses, in addition to comparing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity amongst individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have also recently reported the presence of nAb and non-neutralizing Ab (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)) responses in the plasma of non-cancer COVID-19 patients [ 47 ]; however, the presence and magnitude of these responses in African cancer patients have not been investigated. Similarly, our group and others have reported the presence of cross-reactive anti-HCoV antibodies in non-cancer individuals [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], but whether infection with HCoV impacts the magnitude or breadth of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses in cancer patients is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Because of the high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, and the very high prevalence of seasonal CoVs, it is plausible that these viruses play a role in cross-reactive immune responses, as well as in providing cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and limiting disease severity [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Whether the source of cross-reactive responses is from seasonal CoVs or other infectious diseases is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients

Lidenge,

Yalcin,

Bennett

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known to contribute to cross-reactive antibody (Ab) responses against SARS-CoV-2. While these responses are predictable due to the high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, the impact of these responses on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is unclear. To investigate the influence of prior HCoV infection on anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses among COVID-19 asymptomatic individuals with cancer and controls without cancers, we utilized the VirScan technology in which phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing (PhIP-seq) of longitudinal plasma samples was performed to investigate high-resolution (i.e., epitope level) humoral CoV responses. Despite testing positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab in the plasma, a majority of the participants were asymptomatic for COVID-19 with no prior history of COVID-19 diagnosis. Although the magnitudes of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses were lower in individuals with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) compared to non-KS cancer individuals and those without cancer, the HCoV Ab repertoire was similar between individuals with and without cancer independent of age, sex, HIV status, and chemotherapy. The magnitudes of the anti-spike HCoV responses showed a strong positive association with those of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike in cancer patients, and only a weak association in non-cancer patients, suggesting that prior infection with HCoVs might play a role in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients

Lidenge,

Yalcin,

Bennett

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While we did not find an association between age and symptomatic illness in our study, PHIRST-C reported that the percentage of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 was 9.2% in children <5 years compared to 35% in adults ≥60 years 7 . Additional factors may also contribute to higher asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Africa, such as greater cross-reactive immunity from prior coronavirus infections 9 , 18 , 19 and higher frequencies of T-cell responses associated with mild or asymptomatic infection 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SARS-CoV-2 incidence and asymptomatic fraction during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves in The Gambia

Jarju,

Wenlock,

Danso

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in African countries with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 349 participants from 52 households in The Gambia between March 2021 and June 2022, with routine weekly SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 6-monthly SARS-CoV-2 serology. Attack rates of 45% and 57% were seen during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves respectively. Eighty-four percent of RT-PCR-positive infections were asymptomatic. Children under 5-years had a lower incidence of infection than 18-49-year-olds. One prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced infection risk during the Delta wave only, with immunity from ≥2 prior infections required to reduce the risk of infection with early Omicron lineage viruses. In an African population with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage, we find high attack rates during SARS-CoV-2 waves, with a high proportion of asymptomatic infections and young children remaining relatively protected from infection.

show abstract

Ethno‐demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers

Ahluwalia,

Vashisht,

Singh

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a profound impact on global health, but rapid vaccine administration resulted in a significant decline in morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we sought to explore the temporal changes in the humoral immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Augusta, GA, USA, and investigate any potential associations with ethno‐demographic features. Specifically, we aimed to compare the naturally infected individuals with naïve individuals to understand the immune response dynamics after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. A total of 290 HCWs were included and assessed prospectively in this study. COVID status was determined using a saliva‐based COVID assay. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were quantified using a chemiluminescent immunoassay system, and IgG levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. We examined the changes in antibody levels among participants using different statistical tests including logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis. Our findings revealed a significant decline in NAb and IgG levels at 8−12 months postvaccination. Furthermore, a multivariable analysis indicated that this decline was more pronounced in White HCWs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07−4.08, p = 0.02) and IgG (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.04−4.11, p = 0.03) among the whole cohort. Booster doses significantly increased IgG and NAb levels, while a decline in antibody levels was observed in participants without booster doses at 12 months postvaccination. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the dynamics of immune response and the potential influence of demographic factors on waning immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. In addition, our findings emphasize the value of booster doses to ensure durable immunity.

show abstract

Prepandemic cross-reactive humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients

Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients

High SARS-CoV-2 incidence and asymptomatic fraction during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves in The Gambia

Ethno‐demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About