Preparation and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Monolithic Extraction Column for the Selective Microextraction of Multiple Macrolide Antibiotics from Animal Muscles

Abstract

This study aimed to prepare a molecularly imprinted monolithic extraction column (MIMC) inside a micropipette tip by situ polymerization with roxithromycin as the dummy template. The polymers possessed excellent adsorption capacity and class-specificity to multiple macrolide drugs. MIMC was directly connected to a syringe for template removal and for the optimization of extraction conditions without any other post-treatment of polymers. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the selective microextraction and determination of macrolide antibiotics in animal muscles based on MIMC. High recoveries of 76.1–92.8% for six macrolides were obtained with relative standard deviations less than 10.4%. MIMC exhibited better retention ability and durability when compared with the traditional C18 and HLB cartridges. The proposed method shows a great potential for the analysis of macrolide drugs at the trace level in animal foodstuffs.

Determination of antibiotics in meat samples using analytical methodologies: A review

“…To extract MALs from the solid matrix, the first step was to solubilize them using organic solvents such as acetonitrile (ACN; Amelin & Bol'shakov, 2019; Lan et al., 2019; Song et al., 2018, 2019) or ethyl acetate (Song et al., 2016), sometimes combined with saline borate or phosphate buffers (Rasheed, Fakhre, & Ibrahim, 2017; Song et al., 2016). Next, the subsequent extraction, purification, and enrichment of MALs is commonly performed by LLE (Amelin & Bol'shakov, 2019) and different SPE modes (Lan et al., 2019; Rasheed et al., 2017; Song et al., 2016, 2018, 2019).…”

Sample Preparation Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…40 Boronic acid was also used for its ability to form a reversible covalent complex with cis-diol compounds such as luteolin, 48,49 vitamin B12, 50 sialic acid, 51 or for the specific trapping of glycans of glycoproteins as discussed in more detail below. Many works reported the screening of different synthesis conditions by preparing MIPs using different types of monomers, cross-linkers, template/monomer or monomer/cross-linker ratios, natures of the porogen, 28,30,39,43,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] and even the pH when boronic acid is involved. 50,66 The evaluation of the resulting MIPs consists mainly in comparing the binding capacity of the MIP for the target analyte with the one obtained with the corresponding non-imprinted polymer (NIP) synthesized with the same conditions as the MIP but in the absence of the template molecule.…”

“…38,54,60,72,82,87,123,124,129,130,133,137,138 It was also used to extract natural products from food or plants 39,[55][56][57]70,86,103,121,127,139 to control their occurrence, such as for toxins, or to purify them. It was also largely applied to the determination of drugs 29,60,74,75,88,93,122,135,140,141 or proteins 110,119,126 , mainly in biological fluids, and of various compounds in manufactured products. 125,128 Aqueous samples are often filtered before their percolation through the MIP.…”

“…Therefore, the study in parallel of the extraction recoveries of the target analyte on the NIP must be done during the optimization of the extraction parameters, as it is often the case. 39,55,60,72,74,81,81,[90][91][92][93]110,124,135,136,140 These recoveries must be as low as possible on NIP to ensure that the retention on MIP is mainly due to the presence of specific cavities and then to ensure an optimal selectivity. A control molecule with a different structure from the target analytes(s) can also be studied on both sorbents.…”

“…The reproducibility of the synthesis was only recently reported, when comparing results from different batches for a MIP prepared by combining reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) with reflux precipitation polymerization (RPP) 123 and for a MIP monolith synthesized in situ in a 100 µm capillary. 135 MIP-SPE methods were also evaluated by comparing the extraction recoveries obtained using the MIP and other commercially available SPE sorbents 30,39,60,92,131 or obtained with methods such as QuEChERS for food samples. 137 The comparison with conventional SPE sorbents was also carried out to demonstrate the selectivity brought by the MIPs.…”