Preparation and catalytic performance of N-[(2-Hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride /Na2SiO3 polymer-based catalyst for biodiesel production

Liang, Mengzhu; He, Benqiao; Shao, Yixuan; Li, Jianxin; Cheng, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.036

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…HTCC/Na 2 SiO 3 /ECH catalyst was synthesized by interlinking sodium silicate Na 2 SiO 3 and chitosan chloride (HTCC) with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The nanoparticles composite of Na 2 SiO 3 formed bridge to chitosan which led to increase the catalytic activity and biodiesel yield to 97% from soybean oil [ 76 ]. Beside chitosan, alginate is another naturally occurring biopolymer derived from brown seaweeds and marine algae [ 77 ].…”

Section: Polymeric Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Polymeric Materials toward Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Recent Review

2022

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The biodiesel industry is expanding rapidly in accordance with the high energy demand and environmental deterioration related to the combustion of fossil fuel. However, poor physicochemical properties and the malperformance of biodiesel fuel still concern the researchers. In this flow, polymers were introduced in biodiesel industry to overcome such drawbacks. This paper reviewed the current utilizations of polymers in biodiesel industry. Hence, four utilizing approaches were discussed, namely polymeric biodiesel, polymeric catalysts, cold-flow improvers (CFIs), and stabilized exposure materials. Hydroxyalkanoates methyl ester (HAME) and hydroxybutyrate methyl ester (HBME) are known as polymeric biodiesel sourced from carbon-enriched polymers with the help of microbial activity. Based on the literature, the highest HBME yield was 70.7% obtained at 10% H2SO4 ratio in methanol, 67 °C, and 50 h. With increasing time to 60 h, HAME highest yield was reported as 68%. In addition, polymers offer wide range of esterification/transesterification catalysts. Based on the source, this review classified polymeric catalysts as chemically, naturally, and waste derived polymeric catalysts. Those catalysts proved efficiency, non-toxicity, economic feasibility, and reusability till the 10th cycle for some polymeric composites. Besides catalysis, polymers proved efficiency to enhance the biodiesel flow-properties. The best effect reported in this review was an 11 °C reduction for the pour point (PP) of canola biodiesel at 1 wt% of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of B20 waste oil biodiesel at 0.08 wt% of EVA copolymer. Polymeric CFIs have the capability to modify biodiesel agglomeration and facilitate flowing. Lastly, polymers are utilized for storage tanks and auto parts products in direct contact with biodiesel. This approach is completely exclusive for polymers that showed stability toward biodiesel exposure, such as polyoxymethylene (POM) that showed insignificant change during static immersion test for 98 days at 55 °C. Indeed, the introduction of polymers has expanded in the biodiesel industry to promote green chemistry.

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Section: Polymeric Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Polymeric Materials toward Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Recent Review

2022

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“…Liang et al [51] prepared a new polymer-based alkaline biodiesel catalyst from epichlorohydrin (ECH)-crosslinked n-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ). e structure and properties of the catalyst were studied by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy.…”

Section: Basic-modified Chitosan Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Biodiesel Catalyzed by Chitosan-Based Catalysts

Wang

Quan

Zhang

2021

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Catalysts play an important role in the preparation of biodiesel. It is of great significance to study catalysts with high efficiency, low cost, and easy preparation. Compared with the homogeneous catalyst system, the heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and has a better catalytic effect. In heterogeneous catalysts, supports and preparation methods have important effects on the dispersion of active centers and the overall performance of catalysts. However, the supports of existing solid catalysts have defects in porosity, structural uniformity, stability, and specific surface area, and the preparation methods cannot stabilize covalent bonds or ionic bonds to bind catalytic sites. Considering the activity, preparation method, and cost of the catalyst, biomass-based catalyst is the best choice, but the specific surface area of the biomass-based catalyst is relatively low, the distribution of active centers is uneven, and it is easy to lose. Therefore, the hybrid carrier of biomass-based catalyst and other materials can not only improve the specific surface area but also make the distribution of active centers uniform and the catalytic activity better. Based on this, we summarized the application of chitosan hybrid material catalysts in biodiesel. The preparation, advantages and disadvantages, reaction conditions, and so on of chitosan-based catalysts were mainly concerned. At the same time, exploring the effects of different types of chitosan-based catalysts on the preparation of biodiesel and exploring the process technology with high efficiency and low consumption is the focus of this paper.

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“…However, a high catalyst amount of 20 wt % should be adopted because the reaction was found to principally occur on the surface of GCS-OH. More interestingly, an organic–inorganic hybrid basic catalytic material with substantially improved stability was also designed for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol into biodiesel (Table , entry 6) . It was prepared from sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) and N -[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC), interlinked with epichlorohydrin (ECH).…”

Section: Chemo-modified Natural Organic Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneously Chemo/Enzyme-Functionalized Porous Polymeric Catalysts of High-Performance for Efficient Biodiesel Production

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Catal.

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Efficient transformation of renewable biomass into chemicals and biofuels, including liquid biomass-derived nonedible oils to biodiesel, is of great importance. Developing heterogeneously functional materials is being deemed as a subject of particular interest to scientists in selective catalytic chemistry especially for biomass valorization. In this regard, porous polymers, featuring high surface areas, prominent stabilities, and chemically adjustable moieties, have attracted extensive concerns. In this Review, recent developments on the application of heterogeneously functionalized porous polymeric catalysts of high performance, including acid/base chemosynthetic organic polymers/natural biodegradable biopolymers like chitosan, organic–inorganic hybrid polymeric materials such as functional porous coordination polymers, and porous polymers immobilized with enzymes for effective upgrading of oil feedstocks into biodiesel are summarized. Catalytic protocols using functional polymeric catalysts provide significant benefits for realizing biorefinery procedures because of the following reasons: (i) no polluting reagents, (ii) high activities and selectivities, and (iii) simple and convenient catalyst recycling. Attention has been drawn, in particular, to understanding the role of acidity/basicity, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, swelling property, and porosity of polymer materials in biodiesel production through transesterification and esterification reactions. In addition, plausible reaction mechanisms are also depicted accordingly, while highlighting the main remaining challenges and future prospects.

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Preparation and catalytic performance of N-[(2-Hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride /Na2SiO3 polymer-based catalyst for biodiesel production

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Utilization of Polymeric Materials toward Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Recent Review

Utilization of Polymeric Materials toward Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Recent Review

Efficient Synthesis of Biodiesel Catalyzed by Chitosan-Based Catalysts

Heterogeneously Chemo/Enzyme-Functionalized Porous Polymeric Catalysts of High-Performance for Efficient Biodiesel Production

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