Preparation and catalytic properties of modified PGMA‐based pH‐responsive hydrogel films as a novel template for in situ synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au:Ag nanoparticles

Abstract

Metal‐nanoparticle (M‐NP)‐modified glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐based hydrogel film composites were synthesized and assessed for their catalytic activities by reducing para‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) to para‐aminophenol (p‐AP) with sodium borohydride. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (MPEG‐b‐PGMA‐b‐PMMA) triblock copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer‐radical polymerization. The epoxy ring of the PGMA blocks was opened by the addition of 1‐methylpiperazine. The resulting bifunctional polymer containing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl piperazinepropyl methacrylate units was used to synthesize novel crosslinked hydrogel films by quaternization of the tertiary amine (methylpiperazine) with 1,2‐bis(2‐iodoethoxy)ethane. The synthesized hydrogel film swelled in aqueous solution when the pH was changed from basic to acidic. The prepared MPEG‐b‐PHMPPMA‐b‐PMMA hydrogel film was used as an immobilizing matrix to form monometallic silver (Ag) and gold (Au) and bimetallic alloy gold:silver (Au:Ag) nanoparticles. The M‐NP/hydrogel film composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The synthesized M‐NP/hydrogel film composites showed good catalytic activity to reduce p‐NP to p‐AP. The composites were also found to be reusable as their activity only slightly dropped after 10 consecutive uses. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48360.

Stimuli-Responsive Polymers Providing New Opportunities for Various Applications

“…When these polymer chains are used in the producti-on of various block copolymers as seen in Figure 4c, it is possible to obtain various amphiphilic block copolymers and thus various self-assembly behaviors (spherical micelle [16,17], flower [18,19], vesicle [16,20,21], wormlike [22,23]) which is a very remarkable behavior [24][25][26]. The related aggregate structures can reversibly dissolve, swell or shrink depending on the pH of the medium (Figure 4d) [27][28][29][30][31]. When these polymers are used in various surface applications such as films, layerby-layer (LbL) technology, membranes, brushes, many behaviors such as ion selective permeability, surface charge change, wettability, change in pore size and thickening/thinning of the polymer layer are encountered [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Synthesis of palladium‐chelated poly(triazine imide) heterogeneous nanocatalysts for reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol

“…Para-aminophenol (p-AP) is considered as a commercially important intermediate of pharmaceutical products, including paracetamol, phenacetin, and acetanilide. [1][2][3] So far, numerous strategies, including catalytic amination of hydroquinone, catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and electrochemical reduction approaches, have been employed for the synthesis of p-AP. 2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Hydrogenation of p-NP is a convenient way to obtain p-AP, which is used in a wide range of applications, such as anticorrosion agents, photographic developers and lubricating agents.…”

“…Para‐aminophenol (p‐AP) is considered as a commercially important intermediate of pharmaceutical products, including paracetamol, phenacetin, and acetanilide 1–3 . So far, numerous strategies, including catalytic amination of hydroquinone, catalytic hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) and electrochemical reduction approaches, have been employed for the synthesis of p‐AP 2,4–10 .…”

Synthesis of quaternary piperazine methacrylate homopolymers and their antibiofilm and anti‐quorum sensing effects on pathogenic bacteria

“…1,2 In our previous studies, synthesis of PGMA polymer and its derivative functional polymers containing 1-methylpiperazine were prepared by post-polymerization modification method. 10 The steric hindrance around the nitrogen atom of the piperazine unit is very low. For this reason, it is a suitable polymer for various reactions such as quaternization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and betainization 18 reactions.…”

“…10 The steric hindrance around the nitrogen atom of the piperazine unit is very low. For this reason, it is a suitable polymer for various reactions such as quaternization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and betainization 18 reactions. This synthesized polymers are usually characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques among others and can find applications in many domains due to their properties including antimicrobial effects.…”