Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell at Low Temperature as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue

Abstract

The preparation of activated carbon as an adsorbent from biomass waste was usually conducted at high temperatures. In this research, activated carbon was prepared from palm kernel shell by the pyrolysis process at temperature under 400 °C to reduce excessive energy consumption. This study aims to identify the surface character of the formed activated carbon as an adsorbent for methylene blue. The pyrolysis process produced activated carbon which has a hydroxyl (3102–3423 cm−1) and carboxyl (1650 cm−1) functional groups, resulting in ionic interactions between activated carbon and methylene blue. The equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation efficient higher than 0,99. The highest adsorption capacity is 0.28 mmol/g adsorbent for activated carbon which is hydrolyzed at 350 °C with a surface area of 523 m2/g adsorbents.

Potentials of palm kernel shell derivatives: a critical review on waste recovery for environmental sustainability

“…Similarly, Bakar et al (2019) studied the performance of PKS (in a quaternized state) as a fluorine ion absorbent with the use of the bioabsorbent for both drinking water and wastewater treatment. Likewise, Fahmi et al (2019) after obtaining activated carbon from low temperature pyrolysis of PKS reported a high absorption capacity for the bio-absorbent in removing methylene blue dye from its solution.…”

Degradation of QPPO-based anion polymer electrolyte membrane at neutral pH

“…39 The new broad peak round 3102-3423 cm −1 is assigned to hydroxyl groups (O-H), and the new peak at 1650 cm −1 is the C]O of the carbonyl group. 40,41 The carboxyl group might be obtained from the oxidation of the PPO-based membrane aer the ylide rearrangement. Besides the FTIR, NMR was also adopted to characterize the degradation process.…”

Adsorption Study of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions onto Bituminous Coal Based Activated Carbon

“…The conventional approach for calculating surface area is the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, which is based on the amount of gas absorbed. Although the BET method is the most commonly used technique for calculating surface area, other approaches have been reported using ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) (Fahmi et al, 2019). Based on the adsorption of methylene blue, the Langmuir model was used to figure out the specific surface area of activated carbon.…”