Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Based on Wood (<i>Acacia auriculeaformis</i>, Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

The objective of this work is to prepare one of the best activated carbon (CA) based on wood (Acacia auriculeaformis). The chemical activation method was used for varying the chemical agent namely phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 (CAA), sodium hydroxide NaOH (CAB), and sodium chloride NaCl (CAS). The physico-chemical analysis of the three activated carbons indicated that, under the conditions of preparation, the activated carbons possess activation efficiencies lower than 50% (41.81% for CAA, 26.25% for CAB and 48.87% for CAS), low ash content (CAA: 5.00%, CAB: 14.90 and CAS: 6.60%) and iodine values ranging from 190.35 mg/g to 380.71 mg/g, suggesting that the good quality of the prepared activated carbon. The surface functional groups using Boehm test and the zero point charge (pH ZPC) methods confirmed the acidic, basic and neutral character for CAA, CAB and CAS respectively (CAA: pH ZPC = 4.8, CAB: pH ZPC = 8.2, CAS: pH ZPC = 6.8). The surface specific areas were determined through the liquid phase adsorption of acetic acid and methylene blue using the Langmuir method and BET analysis. Also, the porosity was determined. The BET surface areas of CAA, CAB and CAS were respectively 561.60 m 2 /g, 265.00 m 2 /g and 395.40 m 2 /g. The influence of chemical activation agent on pores formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. CAA was selected as the best activated carbon because of its good surface area and good pore volume compared to those found in the literature. Therefore, its application as an adsorbent for effluents treatment could be explored. In addition, the best activating agent for coal from Acacia auriculeaformis was found to be phosphoric acid.

Characterization and Modification of Activated Carbon Generated from Annogeissus Leiocarpus

“…The materials were washed with tap water at least three times and then with distilled water to remove any adhering dirt or impurity. The sample was further sun dried for one week, squashed with hand slightly to remove the unwanted sticks and then placed in an oven at 105 o C for 24 h (Kra et al, 2019). The dried sample was ground and sieved to obtain particles in the size range from 0.106 to 0.250 mm.…”

“…An empty crucible was weighed and then the sample (1 g) was added in to crucible with lid and weighed. This was kept in muffle furnace at a temperature of 910 o C for seven minutes, after which it was taken to desiccator for 30 minutes to cool down (Kra, 2019). %Volatile matter was calculated using equation 7.…”

Transformation of residual biomass into adsorbent materials: Applications to treatment of liquid effluents

“…The optimised adsorbent materials obtained were elaborate with 60% of phosphoric acid in 225°C and at 115 min. The obtained adsorbent materials were washed with distilled water until all the excess acid was eliminated, dried, ground and sifted to obtain a powder with a particle size capable of passing through a 100 μm sieve; they were finally kept in a hermetic bottle for subsequent uses [45][46][47][48][49][50] .…”

“…The effect of pH value, time, and various initial concentrations on adsorption capacity of residual biomass were evaluated. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms equilibrium were examined [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] .…”

Production Process of Large Pore Size Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell using Sodium Chloride as An Activator

“…NaCl activator showed the best BET surface area of 703.3 m 2 /g compared to alkaline activator NaOH of 370.52 m 2 /g and acid activator HCl of 353.25 m 2 /g. In the study of making activated charcoal from biomass waste Acacia auriculeaformis reported by Kra et al (2019), the NaCl activator produced the largest activated charcoal yield of 48.87% compared to the H3PO4 acid activator of 41.81%. BET surface area of the NaCl activator was 395.40 m 2 /g, and the iodine value was 380.71 mg/g.…”