Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V)

Abstract

In the paper spent coffee grounds were used as a precursor to obtain activated carbons. The raw material was impregnated with phosphoric acid(V) at the different impregnations ratios: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2. Carbonization was carried out according to two procedures differing in activation atmosphere (N 2 or CO 2). The obtained activated carbons were characterized on the basis of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, thermal analysis, potentiometric titration method, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Carbons obtained according to procedure 2 (activation in CO 2) were characterized by better developed porosity, e.g. surface (S BET to 720.9 m 2 /g) and pore volume (V p to 0.334 cm 3 /g). All obtained carbons had surface acidic (mainly carboxyl) groups and exhibited the amorphous structure. The thermal analysis showed that the obtained materials were thermally stable up to the temperature ~ 420 °C.

Activated Carbon Derived from Carbonization of Kevlar Waste Materials: A Novel Single Stage Method

“…This confirmed the type I isotherm based on the classification of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 34 , 35 ] and the formation of micropore in carbonized Kevlar fabrics. Moreover, the constant slope at intermediate relative pressures with increasing carbonization temperatures indicated the presence of uniform micropore sizes [ 13 ]. More clear observation of the isotherm indicated some contribution of type IV with a type H4 hysteresis loop.…”

“…Activated carbon is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of dyes, heavy metals, hazardous smoke, unnecessary odor, taste, and organic substances from the environment [ 12 ]. The large surface area, well-developed internal structure, and presence of various surface functional groups depend on the nature of the raw material used, the nature of the activating agent, and the conditions of the pyrolysis and activation processes [ 9 , 13 ].…”

Synthesis of zinc chloride activated eco-friendly nano-adsorbent (activated carbon) from food waste for removal of pollutant from biodiesel wash water

“…The appearance of high intensity peaks at 31.9°, 34.5°and 36.5°indicate crystalline hexagonal phase of ZnO (JCPDS# 36-1451) as all the samples were dried at 600°C air atmosphere. The addition of ZnCl 2 significantly affected the amorphous nature of carbon phase as it can be seen that the intensity has changed for all the samples (Ziezio et al 2020). Interestingly, the amorphous carbon peak has completely disappeared for cooked vegetable rice (WCVR) and the mixed fruit peel waste (MFPW) sample whereas the amorphous peak still appears for the waste cooked rice (WCR) and mixed food waste sample (MFW).…”

Low Cost Activated Carbon for Removal of NOM and DBPs: Optimization and Comparison

“…Industrial activated carbon for the removal of odor, hazardous materials, and water treatment has burnt thousands of tons of wood, coal, and oil per year [20]. Considering the financial and environmental obstacles, new technologies are available for producing activated carbon from inexpensive carbon-rich materials, such as agricultural waste (e.g., barley husk, rice husk, eggshells, palm seed shell, silkworm excrement) [20][21][22][23], sewage sludge [24], used coffee grounds [25], and industrial solid wastes [21]. The Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited (CBPPL) is the principal manufacturer of standard newsprint in western Newfoundland, Canada, with an average newsprint production of 700 tons per day.…”